# Edge 1998 Full Quotation Curation This is a source-first local curation of the complete Edge Annual Question response cohort, *WHAT QUESTIONS ARE YOU ASKING YOURSELF?*. It preserves every response row exposed by the aggregate archive as an indexed provenance object with contributor identity, response title, credentials when supplied by Edge, an exact representative extract, and its direct response page when the archive exposes one. It is a curation record rather than a claim that every extract has been promoted into Simple Reminders. - **Annual Question:** [WHAT QUESTIONS ARE YOU ASKING YOURSELF?](https://www.edge.org/annual-question/what-questions-are-you-asking-yourself) - **Aggregate response archive:** [View all responses](https://www.edge.org/responses/what-questions-are-you-asking-yourself) - **Archive year:** 1998 - **Response rows represented:** 109 - **Rows with substantive textual extracts:** 83 - **Rows without a substantive extract:** 26 - **Institutional router:** [[collections/Edge|Edge]] - **Promoted archive entries:** 0 - **Canonical reminder files linked:** 0 - **Not yet promoted:** 109 ## Editorial and provenance boundaries 1. Every extract below is copied from the downloaded Edge aggregate response archive and whitespace-normalized without changing its words. 2. The extract is representative, not a substitute for the full response; the linked response or aggregate page remains the provenance object. 3. Hypotheses, predictions, questions, provocations, and contested positions remain the contributor's claims rather than established facts. 4. Promotion into `reminders/` requires a separate standalone-passage, headline, category, source, routing, and reciprocal-link review. 5. This file records the entire archive cohort even when a response is outside the present consciousness-continuity and machine-succession trajectories. ## Complete response index ### EDGE1998-001 — Research paleoanthropologist at The Natural History Museum, London; co-author of In Search Of The Neanderthals; African Exodus. — Christopher Stringer > "What was the key factor in the success of Homo sapiens compared with other human species such as the Neanderthals?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Paleoanthropologist; Author, Lone Survivors - **Extract length:** 20 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [Research paleoanthropologist at The Natural History Museum, London; co-author of In Search Of The Neanderthals; African Exodus.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11922) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-002 — Cambridge biologist and writer; author of Last Animals At The Zoo; The Time Before History. — Colin Tudge > "How predictive is the much sought-after 'Theory of Everything' intended to be? Presumably it will show why the formation of fundamental particles was inevitable, and why these were bound to form into atoms, and presumably predict galaxies. But will it show that life was bound to appear? Or consciousness? How powerful will it be really ÷ or can it be? What is the Universe really capable of?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Biologist; Author, Six Steps Back to the Land - **Extract length:** 67 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Cambridge biologist and writer; author of Last Animals At The Zoo; The Time Before History.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11937) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-003 — Biologist at the Æ’cole Polytechnique, in Paris; author of Principles Of Biological Autonomy; coauthor of Autopoiesis And Cognition. — Francisco Varela > "Why is our western civilization so reluctant to accept subjective, first-hand experience as fundamental data? In close association: why the reluctance to consider one's experience as a realm to be explored with a discipline just as rigorous as the one invented by science for material phenomena?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** biologist; director of research at the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, and professor of cognitive science - **Extract length:** 46 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Biologist at the Æ’cole Polytechnique, in Paris; author of Principles Of Biological Autonomy; coauthor of Autopoiesis And Cognition.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11953) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-004 — Australian science writer; author of Pythagoras' Trousers: God, Physics, And The Gender Wars. — Margaret Wertheim > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** science writer and commentator - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Australian science writer; author of Pythagoras' Trousers: God, Physics, And The Gender Wars.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11970) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-005 — Paleoanthropologist at the University of Michigan; author of Paleoanthropology; coauthor of Race And Human Evolution. — Milford H. Wolpoff > "The major change through the prehistory of our species is the evolution of our brain, the development of a social organ that makes human culture (and language) part of our biology. My question is whether we can ever transcend the consequences and free ourselves of the biological limitations that have been imposed in the process." - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Anthropology, University of Michigan; Adjunct Associate Research Scientist, Museum of Anthropology - **Extract length:** 55 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [Paleoanthropologist at the University of Michigan; author of Paleoanthropology; coauthor of Race And Human Evolution.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11985) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-006 — Royal Society Professor at King's College, Cambridge; author of Before The Beginning. — Martin Rees > "Can our ever-more-integrated society avoid becoming more vulnerable to high-tech extremists and terrorists?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Former President, The Royal Society; Emeritus Professor of Cosmology & Astrophysics, University of Cambridge; Fellow, Trinity College; Author, From Here to Infinity - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Royal Society Professor at King's College, Cambridge; author of Before The Beginning.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11680) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-007 — Cognitive and social scientist at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris; author of Rethinking Symbolism; On Anthropological Knowledge. — Dan Sperber > "How to articulate the natural and the social sciences without being either driven or blocked by ideological agendas?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Social and Cognitive Scientist; CEU Budapest and CNRS Paris; Co-author (with Deirdre Wilson), Meaning and Relevance; and (with Hugo Mercier), The Enigma of Reason - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Cognitive and social scientist at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris; author of Rethinking Symbolism; On Anthropological Knowledge.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11846) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-008 — Founder of Electric Minds, a webzine; author of Tools For Thought; Virtual Communities. — Howard Rheingold > "Given what we know now about the origins, history, and impacts of technology, is it possible to design, deploy, and use technologies in ways that help humans be more human, instead of more like components in a machine?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Communications Expert; Author, Smart Mobs - **Extract length:** 38 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Founder of Electric Minds, a webzine; author of Tools For Thought; Virtual Communities.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11695) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-009 — Cofounder of Suck. — Carl Steadman > "Is it more useful to theorize a new conception of self that emerges from the widespread adoption of networked technology, or to seek to problematize it?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Co-Founder of Suck.com - **Extract length:** 26 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Cofounder of Suck.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11860) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-010 — Neurobiologist, The Open University; author Lifelines; The Making Of Memory. — Steven Rose > "How to ensure that we develop sciences and technologies that serve the people, are open to democratic scrutiny and which assist rather than hinder humans to live harmoniously with the rest of nature?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** neurobiologist, is Professor of Biology and Director, Brain and Behaviour Research Group - **Extract length:** 33 words - **Trajectory signals:** `memory_and_persistence` - **Source:** [Neurobiologist, The Open University; author Lifelines; The Making Of Memory.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11710) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-011 — Australian research scientist, broadcaster; author of Rogue Asteroids And Doomsday Comets. — Duncan Steel > "Why are most individuals and all human societies grossly under-achieving their potentials?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** research astronomer at the Joule Physics Laboratory at the University of Salford - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Australian research scientist, broadcaster; author of Rogue Asteroids And Doomsday Comets.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11876) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-012 — Danish science writer; author of The User Illusion (forthcoming in the U.S.). — Tor Nørretranders > "How much of what we as persons can experience in life can we share with fellow human beings?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Writer; Speaker; Thinker, Copenhagen, Denmark - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Danish science writer; author of The User Illusion (forthcoming in the U.S.).](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11561) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-013 — Co-founder and Publisher of Wired. — Louis Rossetto > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Editor and publisher of Wired and HotWired, and cofounder and CEO of Wired Ventures, Inc - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Co-founder and Publisher of Wired.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11724) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-014 — Astronomer; author of The Cuckoo's Egg; Silicon Snake Oil. — Cliff Stoll > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Astrophysicist and the author of Silicon Snake Oil (1995) and The Cuckoo's Egg (1989). - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [Astronomer; author of The Cuckoo's Egg; Silicon Snake Oil.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11891) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-015 — Curator for Musee D'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris and museum in progress, Vienna; chief editor of the magazine Point d'Ironie. — Hans Ulrich Obrist > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Curator, Serpentine Gallery, London; Editor: A Brief History of Curating; Formulas for Now; Co-author (with Rem Koolhas), Project Japan: Metabolism Talks - **Extract length:** 2 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Curator for Musee D'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris and museum in progress, Vienna; chief editor of the magazine Point d'Ironie.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11575) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-016 — Author, Cyberia; Media Virus; Ecstasy Club; columnist for New York Times Syndicate and Time Digital. — Douglas Rushkoff > "Can human beings achieve spontaneous morality by opening ourselves further to some basic expression of nature, or must we create and adopt a set of moral guidelines?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Media Analyst; Documentary Writer; Author, Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus - **Extract length:** 27 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Author, Cyberia; Media Virus; Ecstasy Club; columnist for New York Times Syndicate and Time Digital.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11740) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-017 — Director of the Virtual Worlds Group in the Microsoft Advanced Technology and Research Division. — Linda Stone > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Hi-Tech Industry Consultant; Former Executive at Apple Computer and Microsoft Corporation - **Extract length:** 2 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Director of the Virtual Worlds Group in the Microsoft Advanced Technology and Research Division.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11907) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-018 — Religious historian at Princeton; author of The Gnostic Gospels; ; The Origin Of Satan. — Elaine Pagels > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Harrington Spear Paine Professor of Religion at Princeton University; Author, Why Religion? - **Extract length:** 5 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Religious historian at Princeton; author of The Gnostic Gospels; ; The Origin Of Satan.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11591) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-019 — Writer and television producer; author of The Living Body; Skyscraper; 21St Century Jet. — Karl Sabbagh > "Why does our 'humanness' keep getting in the way of rational decision-making?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Producer; Founder, Managing Director, Skyscraper Productions; Author, The Antisemitism Wars: How the British Media Failed Their Public - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [Writer and television producer; author of The Living Body; Skyscraper; 21St Century Jet.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11755) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-020 — Intranet and extranet pioneer and engineer; President, Pantheon Interactive. — Kip Parent > "Which industries will shake out, or disappear in the new industrial revolution fomented by the advent of the world wide web, intranets, and extranets? How do we help those who are afraid of these new technologies to benefit from them, rather than be crushed by those who understand? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Founding Webmaster of EDGE - **Extract length:** 48 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Intranet and extranet pioneer and engineer; President, Pantheon Interactive.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11606) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-021 — Computer scientist and cognitive psychologist at Northwestern; author of The Creative Attitude; Tell Me A Story — Roger Schank > "How can the implicit beliefs that are imparted to us in childhood be 'reasoned with' in an educational context." - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** CEO, Socratic Arts Inc.; John Evans Professor Emeritus of Computer Science, Psychology and Education, Northwestern University; Author, Make School Meaningful-And Fun! - **Extract length:** 19 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Computer scientist and cognitive psychologist at Northwestern; author of The Creative Attitude; Tell Me A Story](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11770) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-022 — Computer scientist; author of The Alien Iq Test; The Loom Of God — Clifford Pickover > "A chimpanzee cannot understand Bessel functions or the theory of black holes. Human forebrains are a few ounces bigger than a chimp's, and we can ask many more questions than a chimp. Are there facets of the universe we can never know? Are there questions we can't ask?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Author, The Math Book, The Physics Book, and The Medical Book trilogy - **Extract length:** 48 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Computer scientist; author of The Alien Iq Test; The Loom Of God](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11621) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-023 — Atmospheric scientist at Stanford; author of The Genesis Strategy; Laboratory Earth. — Stephen Schneider > "I often wonder÷sometimes despair÷whether it will be possible to solve long term, global problems(global warming being my current focus) until we can overcome collective denial, which in turn, may not become conscious until we grapple with personal myths. I question whether the eventual loss of half the other species on Earth will even be enough to overcome personal escapism that has gone collective÷what I sometimes think of a 'psychological fractal'. Perhaps that's not even a question, but it occupies my mind a lot." - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** climatologist, is a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences - **Extract length:** 83 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [Atmospheric scientist at Stanford; author of The Genesis Strategy; Laboratory Earth.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11785) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-024 — Cyber-entrepreneur, linguist, translator and scientist who previously worked in image processing algorithms at Bell Labs — Paulo Pignatelli > "What is needed regarding the understanding of the mental process so that we will be able to produce thought computationally?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Linguist, translator and scientist - **Extract length:** 20 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Cyber-entrepreneur, linguist, translator and scientist who previously worked in image processing algorithms at Bell Labs](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11636) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-025 — Biochemist at New York University; author of Origins; The Human Blueprint. — Robert Shapiro > "Do exotic life forms, made of very different materials than those used by life on earth, occur elsewhere in the Universe?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor Emeritus of Chemistry and Senior Research Scientist, New York University; Author, Planetary Dreams - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Biochemist at New York University; author of Origins; The Human Blueprint.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11801) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-026 — Psychologist at MIT;author of The Language Instinct; How The Mind Works — Unattributed Edge contributor > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [Psychologist at MIT;author of The Language Instinct; How The Mind Works](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11650) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-027 — Chief Architect, Microsoft Corporation. — Charles Simonyi > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Software Engineer, Computer Scientist, Entrepreneur, Philanthropist - **Extract length:** 5 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Chief Architect, Microsoft Corporation.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11816) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-028 — Neurobiologist and psychologist at the University of Maryland; author of Quest For Laughter. — Robert Provine > "Do emotions contribute to intelligence, and if so, what are the implications for the development of a technology of 'affective computing?' " - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor Emeritus, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Author, Curious Behavior: Yawning, Laughing, Hiccupping, and Beyond - **Extract length:** 22 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Neurobiologist and psychologist at the University of Maryland; author of Quest For Laughter.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11664) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-029 — Theoretical physicist at Penn State; author of The Life Of The Cosmos. — Lee Smolin > "Fundamentally, is the flow of time something real, or might our sense of time passing be just an illusion that hides the fact that what is real is only a vast collection of moments?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, Perimeter Institute; Author, Einstein's Unfinished Revolution - **Extract length:** 34 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Theoretical physicist at Penn State; author of The Life Of The Cosmos.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11831) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-030 — Founder of Animatrix, an interactive design company; currently teaches interactive design at Stanford. — Marney Morris > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Interaction Design, Engineering Department, Stanford University - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Founder of Animatrix, an interactive design company; currently teaches interactive design at Stanford.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11518) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-031 — Computer scientist; V-P of R&D at the Walt Disney Company author of How Computers Think (forthcoming). — W. Daniel Hillis > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, Computer Scientist, Co-Founder, Applied Invention.; Author, The Pattern on the Stone - **Extract length:** 4 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Computer scientist; V-P of R&D at the Walt Disney Company author of How Computers Think (forthcoming).](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11200) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-032 — Electrical engineer at USC; author of Fuzzy Thinking; Nanotime. — Bart Kosko > "Do we or even can we know the joint multi-variable probability density function (f(x1, ... , xn)) that describes any realworld event?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Information Scientist and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Law, University of Southern California; Author, Noise, Fuzzy Thinking - **Extract length:** 22 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Electrical engineer at USC; author of Fuzzy Thinking; Nanotime.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11369) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-033 — Freelance writer, and a contributing editor at Wired and Newsweek International. — Oliver Morton > "In 500 years, how will the phenotypic, genotypic and physical spaces occupied by life descended from that on earth have changed?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Chief News and Features Editor - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Freelance writer, and a contributing editor at Wired and Newsweek International.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11532) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-034 — Computer Scientist at the University of Michigan; author of Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity; Emergence. — John H. Holland > "Can we use our current technology to bring C. P. Snow's two cultures closer together? For example, could we produce a vision-oriented, computer-based version of the cross-cultural artifact envisioned in Hermann Hesse's Das Glasperlenspiel?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of psychology and a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - **Extract length:** 34 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Computer Scientist at the University of Michigan; author of Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity; Emergence.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11215) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-035 — Physicist, Case Western Reserve Universe University; author of The Fifth Essence; Fear Of Physics; The Physics Of Star Trek. — Lawrence M. Krauss > "Are the laws of physics a logical coherent whole, so that with any small change the entire framework would crumble? Or are there a continuum of possibilities, only one of which happens to have been selected for our observed universe?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical Physicist; Foundation Professor, School of Earth and Space Exploration and Physics Department, ASU; Author, The Greatest Story Ever Told . . . So Far - **Extract length:** 40 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Physicist, Case Western Reserve Universe University; author of The Fifth Essence; Fear Of Physics; The Physics Of Star Trek.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11383) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-036 — Psychiatrist at the University of Michigan; coauthor of Why We Get Sick. — Randolph Nesse > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Research Professor of Life Sciences, Director (2014-2019), Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University; Author, Good Reasons for Bad Feelings - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Psychiatrist at the University of Michigan; coauthor of Why We Get Sick.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11546) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-037 — Science writer; author of The End Of Science. — John Horgan > "Does anyone who is not a fool or fundamentalist still believe in utopia?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Director, Center for Science Writings, Stevens Institute of Technology - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Science writer; author of The End Of Science.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11230) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-038 — Cognitive scientist, University of California, Berkeley; coauthor of Metaphors We Live ; author of Women, Fire, And Dangerous Things. — George Lakoff > "How do neural computation principles and the neural networks of our brains, together with the relevant aspects of experience, account for the details of all human concepts, especially their structure, how they are learned, and how they are used in thought and expressed in language?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Fellow at The Rockridge Institute; Author, The Little Blue Book - **Extract length:** 45 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation`, `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Cognitive scientist, University of California, Berkeley; coauthor of Metaphors We Live ; author of Women, Fire, And Dangerous Things.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11398) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-039 — Mathematician; author of Goedel's Theorems; A Workbook On Formalization. — Verena Huber-Dyson > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** 1923-2016; Emeritus Professor, Formerly, Philosophy Department. University of Calgary, Alberta Canada - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Mathematician; author of Goedel's Theorems; A Workbook On Formalization.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11246) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-040 — Computer scientist and musician; pioneer of virtual reality. — Jaron Lanier > "How can minds, lives, and relationships be enhanced by information systems in unforeseen ways?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Computer Scientist; Musician; Author, Who Owns The Future? - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Computer scientist and musician; pioneer of virtual reality.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11414) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-041 — Psychologist at The New School for Social Research; author of Consciousness Regained; A History Of The Mind; Leaps Of Faith. — Nicholas Humphrey > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Emeritus Professor of Psychology, London School of Economics; Visiting Professor of Philosophy, New College of the Humanities; Senior Member, Darwin College, Cambridge; Author, Soul Dust - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Psychologist at The New School for Social Research; author of Consciousness Regained; A History Of The Mind; Leaps Of Faith.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11261) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-042 — Sociologist at the University of Chicago; author of The Social Organization Of Sexuality. — Edward O. Laumann > "With the ever-growing dominance of corporate forms of control in everyday social life, how do we reconcile our notions of personal liberty and autonomy rooted in Enlightenment political thought?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Distinguished Service Professor of Sociology at the University of Chicago - **Extract length:** 29 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Sociologist at the University of Chicago; author of The Social Organization Of Sexuality.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11429) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-043 — Astrophysicist at the Institute for Advanced Study; President of the Kira Institute. — Piet Hut > "What will be the framework for a scientific study of the subject-object split?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** professor of astrophysics at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Astrophysicist at the Institute for Advanced Study; President of the Kira Institute.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11276) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-044 — Physicist at MIT, who works on problems having to do with information and complex systems. — Seth Lloyd > "'What is the question I am asking myself?' ÷ After contemplating this for hours the only honest answer I could come up with was, 'What is the question I am asking myself?'" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Quantum Mechanical Engineering, MIT; Author, Programming the Universe - **Extract length:** 32 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Physicist at MIT, who works on problems having to do with information and complex systems.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11443) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-045 — Attorney; founder of Counsel Connect; Co-Director, Cyberspace Law Institute. — David R. Johnson > "What are the implications of the science of complex adaptive systems for the nature of law and of legal personhood?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Chairman of Counsel Connect - **Extract length:** 20 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Attorney; founder of Counsel Connect; Co-Director, Cyberspace Law Institute.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11291) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-046 — Editor emeritus of Nature; author of The Doomsday Syndrome; What Remains To Be Discovered (forthcoming). — Sir John Maddox > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Editor (Emeritus), Nature; Royal Commissions on environmental pollution and genetic manipulation - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Editor emeritus of Nature; author of The Doomsday Syndrome; What Remains To Be Discovered (forthcoming).](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11458) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-047 — Writer, The New York Times; author of Fire In The Mind; Machinery Of The Mind. — George Johnson > "If humanity ever encounters an alien intelligence, will we be able to communicate with it ÷ or even realize that it is there? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Author; The Cancer Chronicles, The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments; Columnist, The New York Times - **Extract length:** 23 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `machine_intelligence`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [Writer, The New York Times; author of Fire In The Mind; Machinery Of The Mind.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11305) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-048 — Technology reporter, The New York Times; coauthor, Takedown. — John Markoff > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Pulitzer Prize-winning Reporter, The New York Times; Author, Whole Earth - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Technology reporter, The New York Times; coauthor, Takedown.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11473) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-049 — Developmental psychologist; co-author of The Child: A Contemporary View Of Development. — Judith Rich Harris > "How can we reconcile our desire for fairness and equity with the brutal fact that people are not all alike?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Independent Investigator and Theoretician; Author, The Nurture Assumption; No Two Alike: Human Nature and Human Individuality - **Extract length:** 20 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Developmental psychologist; co-author of The Child: A Contemporary View Of Development.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11155) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-050 — Computer scientist; founder: Wide Area Information Servers Inc.; The Internet Archive; Alexa. — Brewster Kahle > "What happens when a the library of human knowledge can process what it knows and provide advice? In other words what happens when the Library of Alexandria, Computing, and the Oracle at Delphi merge?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Digital librarian of the internet - **Extract length:** 34 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models`, `memory_and_persistence`, `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Computer scientist; founder: Wide Area Information Servers Inc.; The Internet Archive; Alexa.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11321) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-051 — (McCorduck:) Writer; author of Machines Who Think; coauthor of The Futures Of Women. (Traub:) Computer scientist at Columbia; author of Complexity And Information (forthcoming). — Pamela McCorduck and Joseph Traub > "When posterity looks back on the 20th Century from the perspective of a hundred years, what will they see as our greatest successes and worst follies?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Author, Machines Who Think, The Universal Machine, Bounded Rationality, This Could Be Important; Co-author (with Edward Feigenbaum), The Fifth Generation | Professor of Computer Science, Columbia University; coauthor, Complexity and Information - **Extract length:** 26 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [(McCorduck:) Writer; author of Machines Who Think; coauthor of The Futures Of Women. (Traub:) Computer scientist at Columbia; author of Complexity And Information (forthcoming).](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11488) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-052 — Evolutionary psychologist at Harvard; author of The Evolution Of Communication. — Unattributed Edge contributor > "It is now possible for functional parts of one animal's brain to be transplanted into another's. A tasty question for future research, one with volatile biomedical and ethical implications, is whether the memories and goals and desires of one animal can be transplanted as well?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Extract length:** 45 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `memory_and_persistence`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [Evolutionary psychologist at Harvard; author of The Evolution Of Communication.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11170) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-053 — Biologist at the Santa Fe Institute; author of Origins Of Order; At Home In The Universe. — Stuart A. Kauffman > "What must a physical system be such that it can act on its own in an environment." - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Biological Sciences, Physics, Astronomy, University of Calgary; Author, Reinventing the Sacred - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Biologist at the Santa Fe Institute; author of Origins Of Order; At Home In The Universe.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11336) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-054 — Editor, Release 1.0 — Jerry Michalski > "What will happen when the male, scientific, hierarchical, control-oriented Western culture that has dominated Western thought integrates with the emerging female, spiritual, holographic, relationship-oriented Eastern way of seeing?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Managing Editor of Release 1.0 - **Extract length:** 28 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Editor, Release 1.0](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11503) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-055 — Mathematician; author of What Is Mathematics, Really? — Reuben Hersh > "Is there a way to enlarge our separate tribal loyalties, to include all our fellow humans?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor emeritus, University of New Mexico - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Mathematician; author of What Is Mathematics, Really?](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11185) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-056 — Executive editor, Wired; author of Out Of Control. — Kevin Kelly > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Maverick, Wired; Author, What Technology Wants and The Inevitable - **Extract length:** 4 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Executive editor, Wired; author of Out Of Control.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11353) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-057 — Computer scientist at Yale; author of Mirror Worlds; Drawing Life. — David Gelernter > "When will the nation's leading intellectuals come clean & admit that Biblical doctrine (on women, nature, homosexuality, the absolute nature of moral truth and lots of other topics) makes them cringe and they are henceforth NOT Jews and NOT Christians, and the hell with old time religion?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Computer Scientist, Yale University; Chief Scientist, Mirror Worlds Technologies; Author, America-Lite: How Imperial Academia Dismantled our Culture (and ushered in the Obamacrats) - **Extract length:** 47 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Computer scientist at Yale; author of Mirror Worlds; Drawing Life.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11040) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-058 — Psychologist at Hope College; author of The Pursuit of Happiness — David G. Myers > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychology, Hope College; Co-author, Psychology, 11th Edition - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Psychologist at Hope College; author of The Pursuit of Happiness](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10900) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-059 — Nobel laureate physicist at the Santa Fe Institute; author of The Quark And The Jaguar. — Murray Gell-Mann > "How can we improve our reward system for excellence in filtering, interpreting, and synthesizing the vast body of so-called information with which we are deluged." - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical Physicist - **Extract length:** 25 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Nobel laureate physicist at the Santa Fe Institute; author of The Quark And The Jaguar.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11054) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-060 — Professor, Mathematical Behavioral Sciences Dept., University Of California, Irvine. — Arthur De Vany > "Why are decentralized processes ubiquitous in nature and society and why are they so poorly understood that people will sacrifice their autonomy and freedom for authoritarian, centralized solutions (gods, governments, and gurus) to personal and social problems?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor Emeritus of Economics and Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, University of California - **Extract length:** 37 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Professor, Mathematical Behavioral Sciences Dept., University Of California, Irvine.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10760) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-061 — Artist, writer, and business man; former cast member of The Monkees — Michael Nesmith > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Existence is Non-Time, Non-Sequential, and Non-Objective - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Artist, writer, and business man; former cast member of The Monkees](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10914) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-062 — EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation) Staff Counsel. — Mike Godwin > "How can we teach each other to embrace pluralism, and to trust each other with the new tools that promote privacy and freedom of speech?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Contributing Editor at Reason - **Extract length:** 25 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation) Staff Counsel.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11068) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-063 — Biologist, UCLA Medical School; author of The Third Chimpanzee; Guns, Germs, And Steel — Jared Diamond > "What do collapses of past societies teach us about our own future?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Geography, University of California Los Angeles; Author, Upheaval - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [Biologist, UCLA Medical School; author of The Third Chimpanzee; Guns, Germs, And Steel](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10774) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-064 — Research astrophysicist, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, UC Berkeley; coauthor of Wrinkles in Time — George Smoot > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** experimental astrophysics and observational cosmology - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Research astrophysicist, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, UC Berkeley; coauthor of Wrinkles in Time](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10928) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-065 — Biologist, Schumacher College; author of How The Leopard Changed Its Spots — Brian Goodwin > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Biology at Schumacher College - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Biologist, Schumacher College; author of How The Leopard Changed Its Spots](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11083) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-066 — Columnist for Pc Magazine; Pc/Computing, Boardwatch. — John C. Dvorak > "Is psychic phenomenon just wishful thinking and can we ever prove it exists or doesn't exist using scientific methodology." - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Columnist; Broadcaster in areas of technology and computing - **Extract length:** 19 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Columnist for Pc Magazine; Pc/Computing, Boardwatch.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10788) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-067 — Evolutionary biologist (emeritus) at SUNY -Stony Brook; author of Adaptation and Natural Selection; The Ponyfish's Glow — George C. Williams > "The main reason I have not sent you a question is that I can not think of one worth sending. So maybe my appropriate question is 'What question should I ask?' The one I wish I could identify would be of great intellectual or practical interest, and I (or someone) would have some hope of solving it. Peter Medawar once defined science as 'the art of the soluble'. This is an example of a definition that may be formally correct but does not help anyone trying to find out what science is, but it makes a good point. For a problem to be scientifically important it has to be soluble. How many angels can dance on a pinhead may be a problem of great interest to some people, but it is not soluble." - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** was an evolutionary biologist; professor emeritus of ecology - **Extract length:** 133 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Evolutionary biologist (emeritus) at SUNY -Stony Brook; author of Adaptation and Natural Selection; The Ponyfish's Glow](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10942) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-068 — Brazilian physicist, Dartmouth; author of The Dancing Universe. — Marcelo Gleiser > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Appleton Professor of Natural Philosophy, Dartmouth College; Author, The Island of Knowledge - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Brazilian physicist, Dartmouth; author of The Dancing Universe.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11097) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-069 — President, Edventures Holdings, Inc; publisher of Release 1.0 Newsletter; author of Release 2.0. — Esther Dyson > "What makes a soul? And if machines ever have souls, what will be the equivalent of psychoactive drugs? of pain? of the physical / emotional high I get from having a clean office?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Investor; Chairman, EDventure Holdings; Executive Founder, Wellville; Author: Release 2.0 - **Extract length:** 33 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [President, Edventures Holdings, Inc; publisher of Release 1.0 Newsletter; author of Release 2.0.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10802) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-070 — Writer; author of The Sand Dollar & the Slide Rule; The Hominid Gang — Delta Willis > "If tragedy + time = comedy, what is the formula for equally therapeutic music? Do (Blues) musicians reach a third person perspective similar to that found in meditation, mind-altering drugs, and genius?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Paleontologist; Author, Hominid Gang - **Extract length:** 32 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Writer; author of The Sand Dollar & the Slide Rule; The Hominid Gang](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10956) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-071 — Cognitive scientist at Boston University; author of Studies Of Mind And Brain; The Adaptive Brain. — Stephen Grossberg > "How do intelligent beings learn to adapt successfully on their own to a rapidly changing world without forgetting what they already know?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Principal founders of the fields of computational neuroscience, connectionist cognitive science, and artificial neural network research - **Extract length:** 22 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [Cognitive scientist at Boston University; author of Studies Of Mind And Brain; The Adaptive Brain.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11112) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-072 — Physicist, Institute for Advanced Study; author of Disturbing The Universe; From Eros To Gaia. — Freeman Dyson > "The best questions were asked long ago. For example, Fermi's question, 'Where are they?', and Blake's question, 'How do you know but ev'ry bird that cuts the airy way is an immense world of delight, clos'd by your senses five?' My question is, 'What goes on inside the head of a baby?' " - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, Institute of Advanced Study; Author, Disturbing the Universe; Maker of Patterns - **Extract length:** 53 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Physicist, Institute for Advanced Study; author of Disturbing The Universe; From Eros To Gaia.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10816) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-073 — Biologist at University College, London; author of The Triumph of the Embryo ; The Unnatural Nature of Science — Lewis Wolpert > "Why do people believe in things for which there is no evidence and would it be a mistake to try and persuade them not to?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Biology - **Extract length:** 25 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Biologist at University College, London; author of The Triumph of the Embryo ; The Unnatural Nature of Science](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10970) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-074 — Physicist at MIT; author of The Inflationary Universe. — Alan Guth > "It appears likely that the universe that we can observe is just one of an infinity of 'pocket universes,' which are continually being created by a process called eternal inflation. These pocket universes are believed to split off from a region of 'false vacuum', which expands so quickly that its volume increases forever, despite the loss of volume to the formation of pocket universes. The problem is to find a reliable way to extract predictions from this picture. The properties of the pocket universes can vary, and with an infinity of trials essentially anything will happen an infinite number of times. We need to learn how to distinguish the probable from the improbable, but so far such a probability calculation has never been given a precise definition." - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Cosmologist; Victor F. Weisskopf Professor of Physics, MIT; Inaugural Recipient, Fundamental Physics Prize; Author, The Inflationary Universe - **Extract length:** 127 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Physicist at MIT; author of The Inflationary Universe.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11126) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-075 — Technology Correspondent, New York Times; author of Where Wizards Stay Up Late — Katie Hafner > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Technology Correspondent, New York Times; Author, Mother Daughter Me - **Extract length:** 4 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Technology Correspondent, New York Times; author of Where Wizards Stay Up Late](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10830) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-076 — Paleontologist and Curator at The American Museum of Natural History; author of The High Table; Dominion. — Niles Eldredge > "Will we find the will and the way to limit our population growth before the Biosphere does it for us?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Paleontologist; Author, Darwin - **Extract length:** 20 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Paleontologist and Curator at The American Museum of Natural History; author of The High Table; Dominion.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10985) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-077 — Neuroscientist, University of Arizona; coeditor of Toward A Science Of Consciousness. — Stuart Hameroff > "Are life and consciousness purely emergent phenomena, or subtly connected to a fundamental level of the universe?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor, Anesthesiology and Psychology Associate Director, Center for Consciousness Studies The University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Neuroscientist, University of Arizona; coeditor of Toward A Science Of Consciousness.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11140) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-078 — Paleoanthropologist at Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University; author of Lucy; The Beginnings of Humankind — Donald Johanson > "What is the evolutionary advantage of the universality of mysticism in human societies? could it have played a vital role when populations were small, and widely dispersed, but now is outdated for modern global societies?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Paleoanthropologist at Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University; author of Lucy; The Beginnings of Humankind - **Extract length:** 35 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Paleoanthropologist at Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University; author of Lucy; The Beginnings of Humankind](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10843) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-079 — Evolutionary biologist at Amherst; author of Evolution Of Infectious Disease. — Paul W. Ewald > "As biological and traditional forms of cultural evolution are superseded by electronic (or post-electronic) evolution, what will be the differentially propagating "units" and the outcome of the natural selection among them?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Biology, Amherst College; Author, Plague Time - **Extract length:** 31 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [Evolutionary biologist at Amherst; author of Evolution Of Infectious Disease.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10998) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-080 — Web pioneer; Director of Marketing for the Cosmo Software division of Silicon Graphics — John McCrea > "We are hurtling toward an immersive, networked virtual reality, driven by two unstoppable trends ÷ ever faster chips, and the global compulsion to be connected via the Internet. This 'Second Web' will open new territories for imagination and social interaction, unfettered by the real world's geography, physics, or time. On the wall of this new cave, what will humans dream to paint?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Web pioneer; Director of Marketing for the Cosmo Software division of Silicon Graphics - **Extract length:** 62 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [Web pioneer; Director of Marketing for the Cosmo Software division of Silicon Graphics](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10858) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-081 — Retired Director of the American Institute of Physics; author of The World Of Elementary Particles. — Kenneth W. Ford > "Will the 'theory of everything' be a theory of principles, not particles? Will it invoke order from above, not below?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Retired Director of the American Institute of Physics - **Extract length:** 20 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Retired Director of the American Institute of Physics; author of The World Of Elementary Particles.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11012) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-082 — Leading authority in the field of Russian Aleut kayaks; author of Baidarka; Darwin Among The Machines. — George Dyson > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Science Historian; Author, Analogia - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Leading authority in the field of Russian Aleut kayaks; author of Baidarka; Darwin Among The Machines.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10872) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-083 — Psychologist at Harvard; author of Frames Of Mind; The Mind's New Science; Extraordinary Minds. — Howard Gardner > "However appropriate it may be for the economy, the 'market model' is a grossly inadequate model for the rest of human society. With the decline of religious conviction and the slow pace of changes in the legal code, how can we nurture persons and institutions that can resist a purely market orientation in all spheres of living?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education; Author, A Synthesizing Mind - **Extract length:** 57 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Psychologist at Harvard; author of Frames Of Mind; The Mind's New Science; Extraordinary Minds.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11026) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-084 — Co-editor and translator of the German edition of the writings and lectures of Jacques Lacan — Hans Joachim Metzger > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Co-editor and translator of the German edition of the writings and lectures of Jacques Lacan - **Extract length:** 5 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Co-editor and translator of the German edition of the writings and lectures of Jacques Lacan](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10887) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-085 — Psychologist at University of Texas at Austin; author of The Evolution Of Desire. — David M. Buss > "Do humans have evolved homicide modules ÷ evolved psychological mechanisms specifically dedicated to killing other humans under certain contexts?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin; Author, When Men Behave Badly - **Extract length:** 19 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [Psychologist at University of Texas at Austin; author of The Evolution Of Desire.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10597) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-086 — Physicist, Oxford University; author of The Fabric Of Reality. — David Deutsch > "Throughout its history, the scientific community has shown great integrity in resisting the onslaught of anti-rationalism. How can it now be persuaded to show the same integrity in regard to scientism?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, University of Oxford; Author, The Beginning of Infinity; Recipient, Edge Computation Science Prize - **Extract length:** 31 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Physicist, Oxford University; author of The Fabric Of Reality.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10747) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-087 — Nobel laureate physicist at Princeton. — Philip W. Anderson > "What is the crucial distinction between inanimate matter and an entity which can act as an 'agent', manipulating the world on its own behalf; and how does that change happen?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Nobel Laureate; Physicist - **Extract length:** 30 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Nobel laureate physicist at Princeton.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10485) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-088 — Publisher, Silicon Alley Reporter. — Jason Calacanis > "If Mosaic had never supported pictures (read: the Internet didn't become a commercial medium), what would I be doing right now?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Internet Entrepreneur; Angel Investor - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [Publisher, Silicon Alley Reporter.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10610) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-089 — Science writer for The New York Times; author of Natural Obsessions, The Beauty Of The Beastly. — Natalie Angier > "Exactly how much of nature can we trash and burn and get away with it?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Pulitzer prize winning science writer for The New York Times - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Science writer for The New York Times; author of Natural Obsessions, The Beauty Of The Beastly.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10496) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-090 — Theoretical neurophysiologist, University of Washington; author of The Cerebral Code; How Brains Think. — William H. Calvin > "How will minds expand, once we understand how the brain makes mind?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical Neurobiologist; Affiliate Professor Emeritus, University of Washington; Author, Global Fever - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [Theoretical neurophysiologist, University of Washington; author of The Cerebral Code; How Brains Think.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10621) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-091 — Mathematical physicist at University of California, Riverside. — John Baez > "To what extent can we achieve a more just society through the use of better economic indicators, and to what extent is our choice of economic indicators just a reificiation of the wishes of those who are already economically powerful?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Mathematical Physicist, U.C. Riverside - **Extract length:** 40 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Mathematical physicist at University of California, Riverside.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10507) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-092 — Editor of Nature. — Philip Campbell > "Any musically aware listener will know of music that breaks out of established forms or syntax to profound effect ÷ my personal favourites include Beethoven'sEroica symphony, Wagner's Tristan und Isolde,Schoenberg's Erwartung, Debussy's Apres midi d'un faune. .. What is the most that we can ever say objectively about what those composers are discovering? What are the limits of objective description using science, mathematics and musical analysis? More generally, how do these structures in sound make sense? As of now, I see only very preliminary hypotheses in response to this last question, no possibility of much more given current understanding and techniques, and no consensus as to the ultimate constraints on such an answer." - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Editor-in-Chief of Nature since 1995; Beginning summer 2018, he will become Editor-in-Chief of Springer Nature’s portfolio of journals, books and magazines - **Extract length:** 113 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Editor of Nature.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10635) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-093 — Theoretical physicist; author of The Frame Of Mind. — Julian Barbour > "As a theoretical physicist, the interpretation of quantum mechanics and the nature of time are what occupy me most, but, as a mystified sentient being, I should like to ask the child's question: Are the most remarkable things in life ÷ sights, sounds, colors, tastes ÷ really just subjective epiphenomena with no role or significance in the 'objective' world?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical physicist; Author, The Janus Point - **Extract length:** 59 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Theoretical physicist; author of The Frame Of Mind.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10518) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-094 — Biologist and BBC Radio Four broadcaster; author of The Seed Savers Handbook. — Jeremy Cherfas > "When will we learn to ask 'And then what' as a matter of course?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Biologist; Senior Science Writer, Bioversity International; Managing Director, Green Ink - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Biologist and BBC Radio Four broadcaster; author of The Seed Savers Handbook.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10650) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-095 — Co-founder, Electronic Frontier Foundation; a former lyricist for the Grateful Dead. — John Perry Barlow > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Co-founder and Co-chair, Electronic Frontier Foundation - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Co-founder, Electronic Frontier Foundation; a former lyricist for the Grateful Dead.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10529) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-096 — President and CEO of Learn Technologies Interactive in New York City, an interactive media developer and publisher. — Luyen Chou > "If Gordon Moore was correct in his prediction that the amount of information storable on semiconductor chips would double every 18 months, then over time is time more or less valuable?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Vice President, Product Strategy, Pearson - **Extract length:** 31 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [President and CEO of Learn Technologies Interactive in New York City, an interactive media developer and publisher.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10664) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-097 — Cosmologist, Professor of Astronomy, University of Sussex, UK; author of Theories Of Everything; Pi In The Sky. — John D. Barrow > "Is the Universe a great mechanism, a great computation, a great symmetry, a great accident, or a great thought?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Cosmologist; Physicist; Professor of Mathematical Science, Director, Millennium Mathematics Project, University of Cambridge; Author, The Book of Universes - **Extract length:** 19 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Cosmologist, Professor of Astronomy, University of Sussex, UK; author of Theories Of Everything; Pi In The Sky.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10540) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-098 — Psychologist, University of Chicago; author of Flow: The Psychology Of Optimal Experience; Creativity. — Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi > "How can we sustain young people's interest in asking questions such as these? Does the emphasis on personal success and security divert psychic energy from taking the long-term view on things? How long can we keep curiosity and creativity alive in an increasingly materialistic culture?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Psychologist; Director, Quality of Life Research Center, Claremont Graduate University; Author, Flow - **Extract length:** 45 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Psychologist, University of Chicago; author of Flow: The Psychology Of Optimal Experience; Creativity.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10678) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-099 — Anthropologist, George Mason University; author Composing A Life; Peripheral Visions. — Mary Catherine Bateson > "How can we build a new ethics of respect for life that goes beyond individual survival to include the necessity of death, the preservation of the environment, and our current and developing scientific knowledge?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor Emerita, George Mason University; Visiting Scholar, Sloan Center on Aging & Work, Boston College; Author, Composing a Further Life - **Extract length:** 34 words - **Trajectory signals:** `memory_and_persistence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Anthropologist, George Mason University; author Composing A Life; Peripheral Visions.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10550) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-100 — Physicist, University of Adelaide, Australia; author of The Mind Of God; Are We Alone. — Paul Davies > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical physicist; cosmologist; astro-biologist; co-Director of BEYOND, Arizona State University; principle investigator, Center for the Convergence of Physical Sciences and Cancer Biology; Author, The Eerie Silence and The Cosmic Jackpot - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Physicist, University of Adelaide, Australia; author of The Mind Of God; Are We Alone.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10692) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-101 — Physicist, University of California, Irvine; author of Timescape. — Gregory Benford > "How can considering the longest time scales in human endeavor lead us to deal with the approaching crises of greenhouse warming and species diversity?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Emeritus Professor of Physics and Astronomy, UC-Irvine; Novelist, The Berlin Project - **Extract length:** 24 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [Physicist, University of California, Irvine; author of Timescape.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10561) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-102 — Evolutionary biologist, Oxford; author of River Out Of Eden; Climbing Mount Improbable. — Richard Dawkins > "What might a second specimen of the phenomenon that we call life look like?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Evolutionary Biologist; Emeritus Professor of the Public Understanding of Science, Oxford; Author, Books Do Furnish a Life - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Evolutionary biologist, Oxford; author of River Out Of Eden; Climbing Mount Improbable.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10706) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-103 — Neuroscientist, Oxford; President, British Association for the Advancement of Science; author of The Mind's Brain — Colin Blakemore > "Most human beings perform effortlessly a variety of tasks that are computationally extremely difficult (such as seeing, holding objects and understanding speech); but they are generally poor and vary enormously in tasks that are computationally easy (such as solving puzzles, doing mathematics and science). Given that the latter skills are apparently as biologically valuable as the former, does this disparity reveal a fundamental limitation of the human brain?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Chief Executive, Medical Research Council;Waynflete Professor of Physiology, University of Oxford - **Extract length:** 68 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [Neuroscientist, Oxford; President, British Association for the Advancement of Science; author of The Mind's Brain](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10453) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-104 — Founder of The Whole Earth Catalog; author of How Buildings Learn. — Stewart Brand > "How do we make long-term thinking automatic and common instead of difficult and rare?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Founder, the Whole Earth Catalog; Co-founder, The Well; Co-Founder, The Long Now Foundation, and Revive & Restore; Author, Whole Earth Discipline - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Founder of The Whole Earth Catalog; author of How Buildings Learn.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10573) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-105 — Cognitive neuropsychologist, Institut National de la SantŽ; author of The Number Sense. — Stanislas Dehaene > "How can we even begin to formulate the right questions about consciousness?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Neuroscientist; Collège de France, Paris; Author, How We Learn - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Cognitive neuropsychologist, Institut National de la SantŽ; author of The Number Sense.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10720) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-106 — Physicist, Harvard University. — Sidney Coleman > "Quantum mechanics was (and is) such a shock because it contradicts beliefs about physical reality that we didn't even know we had, beliefs so deeply embedded in the language of everyday speech that their contradictions seem not so much false as simply nonsensical. When we contact alien intelligences, will the effect on our ideas of mental reality be as profound as those of quantum mechanics on our ideas of physical reality. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, Harvard University - **Extract length:** 71 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Physicist, Harvard University.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10463) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-107 — Computer scientist; director of MIT's AI Lab. — Rodney A. Brooks > "What is the mathematical essence that distinguishes living from non-living, so that we can engineer a transcendence across the current boundaries?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Panasonic Professor of Robotics (emeritus); Former Director, MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (1997-2007); Founder, CTO, Robust.AI; Author, Flesh and Machines - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Computer scientist; director of MIT's AI Lab.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10585) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-108 — Philosopher, Tufts University; author of Darwin's Dangerous Idea; Kinds Of Minds. — Daniel C. Dennett > "How on earth does the brain manage its division of labor problem ÷ that is, how do the quite specialized bits manage to contribute something useful when they get 'recruited' by their neighbors to assist in currently dominant tasks (or is this 'recruitment' an illusion ÷ are they not helping but just complaining about the noise caused by their hyperactive neighbors)?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Philosopher; Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy, Co-Director, Center for Cognitive Studies, Tufts University; Author, From Bacteria to Bach and Back - **Extract length:** 61 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [Philosopher, Tufts University; author of Darwin's Dangerous Idea; Kinds Of Minds.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10734) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE1998-109 — Editor of New Scientist, biologist and author of Science And Technology In Japan — Alun Anderson > "Is a greater understanding of the way the brain works going to give me a new language to explain what it is like to be me? Will the words we use now one day seem as strange as the 'humours' we once used to explain the state of our bodies? And what will be the consequence if a scientist gains the power to know me better than I can know myself?" - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Consultant (and former Editor-in-Chief and Publishing Director), New Scientist; Author, After the Ice - **Extract length:** 71 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Editor of New Scientist, biologist and author of Science And Technology In Japan](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/10474) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted