# Edge 2001 Full Quotation Curation - What Now This is a source-first local curation of the complete Edge Annual Question response cohort, *WHAT NOW?*. It preserves every response row exposed by the aggregate archive as an indexed provenance object with contributor identity, response title, credentials when supplied by Edge, an exact representative extract, and its direct response page when the archive exposes one. It is a curation record rather than a claim that every extract has been promoted into Simple Reminders. - **Annual Question:** [WHAT NOW?](https://www.edge.org/annual-question/what-now) - **Aggregate response archive:** [View all responses](https://www.edge.org/responses/what-now) - **Archive year:** 2001 - **Response rows represented:** 56 - **Rows with substantive textual extracts:** 56 - **Rows without a substantive extract:** 0 - **Institutional router:** [[collections/Edge|Edge]] - **Promoted archive entries:** 0 - **Canonical reminder files linked:** 0 - **Not yet promoted:** 56 ## Editorial and provenance boundaries 1. Every extract below is copied from the downloaded Edge aggregate response archive and whitespace-normalized without changing its words. 2. The extract is representative, not a substitute for the full response; the linked response or aggregate page remains the provenance object. 3. Hypotheses, predictions, questions, provocations, and contested positions remain the contributor's claims rather than established facts. 4. Promotion into `reminders/` requires a separate standalone-passage, headline, category, source, routing, and reciprocal-link review. 5. This file records the entire archive cohort even when a response is outside the present consciousness-continuity and machine-succession trajectories. ## Complete response index ### EDGE2001A-001 — Some random thoughts — Luyen Chou > (1) I agree with Kevin Kelly's contrarian take on the situation. If anything, the brilliance (can I use that word pejoratively?) of this attack was in its implicit "fuck you" to the world's greatest technocracy — as if to say: we will use your own technology to destroy the very icons of your technological hubris, and we will accomplish this with nothing more than a piece of plastic and a disdain for the sanctity of life and self-preservation that you hold so dear. After we punish the perpetrators of this heinous crime, I think this country needs to engage in adeep rethinking of the values that underlie our society today. We seem to conflate our technological supremacy, our consumerism and exultation of the free market, with moral supremacy and military imperviousness. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Vice President, Product Strategy, Pearson - **Extract length:** 131 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values`, `consciousness_and_identity`, `memory_and_persistence` - **Source:** [Some random thoughts](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11929) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-002 — Chairman of International Technologies — Joseph "Yossi" Vardi > As to Dawkins' article, people were always willing to sacrifice their lives, more often then one may think. They are doing it in war, elite commando units, while they are combating crime, or rescuing other people, or in some extreme sports (mount climbing, car racing ), or even in medicine and some scientific endeavors, or in pursuing political causes. It is a subject for group dynamics, education , and strong motivation and inner belief system. Indeed in all these cases it seems to be a calculated risk and not a certain risk. but the gap between calculated risk and sure risk. is probably in the minds of some people more quantitative and less qualitative, then we tend to think. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** chairman of International Technologies - **Extract length:** 119 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Chairman of International Technologies](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11945) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-003 — Managing Fear. While remaining inspired to live and learn — Todd Siler > As we all struggle to make sense of the surrealness of last week, we may find some comfort in Marie Curie's words which still reverberate in my mind: "Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood." It's critical we understand the potential of people and cultures living with a certain connectivity. Without this understanding, we're destined to live aching in a state of chronic angst and nausea, like Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialist character Antoine Roquentin who was 'horrified at his own existence.' - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Founder and director of Psi-Phi Communications - **Extract length:** 86 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Managing Fear. While remaining inspired to live and learn](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11962) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-004 — Educating Arabs, Educating Ourselves — Roger Schank > There is a technological answer to the hijacking problem of course. The problem is that the technological answer comes with a price. It is quite feasible to create a national identity card and have that be used to check in at the airport. From that point, no silly security questions need be asked. Computer programs can be created that establish exactly the patterns and likely actions of any passenger and determine what questions if any should be asked by the airline personnel and whether the passenger is a risk of any sort. Airlines could refuse to allow on board people who don't fit their safety profiles. This is easy to do, but it would require installation of foolproof identity software (such as retinal scans) and make available to the government the complete whereabouts and intentions of every citizen. We may not be willing to give up the anonymity that many of us cherish. On the other hand we may have to. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** CEO, Socratic Arts Inc.; John Evans Professor Emeritus of Computer Science, Psychology and Education, Northwestern University; Author, Make School Meaningful-And Fun! - **Extract length:** 161 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `machine_intelligence`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Educating Arabs, Educating Ourselves](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11977) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-005 — professor of astrophysics — Piet Hut > All eyes have been opened now for the specter of terrorists armed with nuclear or biological weapons of mass destruction. While this threat has been with us for decades, it was largely ignored. If we are lucky, the cruel awakening on 9.11 will finally teach us to prevent rather than to fight. Unbelievable as it may sound, wars could soon become a thing of the past, just like world wars have already become a thing of the past. The sudden end to hostilities between the Israelis and the Palestinians may be just the beginning. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** professor of astrophysics at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton - **Extract length:** 94 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [professor of astrophysics](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11673) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-006 — Professor of Psychology — Nicholas Humphrey > Our duty as scientists in response to the present crisis is no different. We must try to explain the shifting plates of human psychology and culture, and show why and how these can erupt in individual acts of such madness. This is not to recommend forgiveness — no one forgives a volcano or a hurricane — but it is to oppose any interest in retribution. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Emeritus Professor of Psychology, London School of Economics; Visiting Professor of Philosophy, New College of the Humanities; Senior Member, Darwin College, Cambridge; Author, Soul Dust - **Extract length:** 65 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Professor of Psychology](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11839) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-007 — Royal Commissions on environmental — Sir John Maddox > The first thing Edge must do is to emphasise the obvious: there is no "technical fix" for terrorism. Terrorists fit into normal society, are trusted by their colleagues and then they betray that trust. Until so much is known of how the human brain thinks that it will be possible to read out people's secret thoughts by some non-existent non-invasive technique, diagnosing the condition of "terrorist" is science-fiction. In my opinion, it will always be so. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Editor (Emeritus), Nature; Royal Commissions on environmental pollution and genetic manipulation - **Extract length:** 76 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [Royal Commissions on environmental](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11688) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-008 — Research staff member — Clifford Pickover > If the cockpit is to be physically isolated, a video monitor must be installed in the cockpit so that the pilots can see the cabin and flight attendants — to check for misdoings and also to avoid the feeling of extreme isolation that one might encounter when locked into a small compartment for many hours. Similarly, the flight attendants should have access to a monitor so that they can see the pilots during conversations, which would also reduce the feeling of imprisonment and isolation. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Author, The Math Book, The Physics Book, and The Medical Book trilogy - **Extract length:** 84 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Research staff member](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11854) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-009 — Senior Researcher at Stanford University — Keith Devlin > Human being have evolved to behave rationally in a given context ‹ to follow the logic of the context. Following the survival logic of the given context is how natural selection works. We cannot change the logic in a context any more than we can change the mathematical fact that 1 + 1 = 2. In the case of terrorism, what we can change is the context. Doing so will inevitably require enormous wisdom, knowledge, and resources. Maybe this is where the true future greatness lies for the most powerful nation on Earth. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Mathematician; Executive Director, H-STAR Institute, Stanford; Author, Finding Fibonacci - **Extract length:** 93 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Senior Researcher at Stanford University](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11703) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-010 — Engineering and Public Policy — Terry Bristol > Clinton gave a talk to a Jewish group in DC just after he left office. He spoke of two types of wounds. One should be left alone because it is healing. That is Northern Ireland — still difficult but healing. It is healing because the two sides have developed economic ties where each sees the success of the other as contributing to their success. The other type of wound needs intervention because it is not healing and could lead to catastrophic failure. That is the Israeli-Palestinian situation. Clinton pointed out that advancing technology made it unlikely that attack an defense strategies will succeed — for either side. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** President, Institute for Science - **Extract length:** 107 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Engineering and Public Policy](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11869) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-011 — Reader in Archaeology at the University of Bradford — Timothy Taylor > Depressed-aggressive suicide-murderers are likely to be people who feel unloved and unvalued, the very opposite of the New York firemen and self-sacrificing passengers aboard the fourth plane, scuppered in the Pennsylvania woods. Actions that create more desperate and bitter people will contribute to the world becoming more dangerous for us all. What now? — it depends on the quality of our humanity. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Jan Eisner Professor of Archaeology, Comenius University in Bratislava; Author, The Artificial Ape - **Extract length:** 62 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [Reader in Archaeology at the University of Bradford](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11553) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-012 — Lights, Camera — Reason — Frank Schirrmacher > The screenplay, this all-powerful reality script that has long been creating reality in its image, hails from Hollywood and the literary-industrial complexes of the past 50 years. It is engrained not just in the minds of politicians, generals and journalists; it has been rooted in the imagination of the entire world, including, as we have seen, in that of the terrorists, as a globalized role model. They produced their bloody Hollywood exactly as they found it in the American imagination. In fact, as every detail shows, down to preparatory visits to the gym, they set it in motion like a machine. And they believed that everything would happen the way it is set out in Hollywood's scripts. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Influential German journalist, essayist, best-selling author - **Extract length:** 117 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Lights, Camera — Reason](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11718) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-013 — Provost of Georgetown University — James J. O'Donnell > 2. The technologies of communication mediated by information technology give unprecedented opportunity to support the growth and development of collaborative community. At the same time, the frenzies of media reaction to public events remind us that building the public discourse is a positive task that we all share parts of. The culture of frivolity that has been possible in our heedlessness is, let it be admitted, a delightful thing, but we have now the opportunity to add to the discourse of frivolity a more sustained and sustaining measure of the discourse of responsibility and the long view. In global communication of that sort is the best antidote to the waves of irrational anxiety that many do and will experience. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Classics Scholar, University Librarian, ASU; Author, Pagans - **Extract length:** 119 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Provost of Georgetown University](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11884) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-014 — Cultural revolution correspondent — Joel Garreau > The critical ones are "hubs," "gatekeepers" and "pulsetakers," she believes. Hubs are the people who are directly connected to the most people; they know where the best resources are and they act as clearinghouses of information and ideas, although they often are not aware of their own importance. Gatekeepers are those connected to the "right" people. They are the powers around the throne, and often they know their own importance. Pulsetakers are indirectly connected to a lot of people who know the right people. They are "friends of a friend" to vast numbers of people across widely divergent groups and interests. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Principal, The Garreau Group - **Extract length:** 101 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Cultural revolution correspondent](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11569) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-015 — What Now? — Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi > I have seen this idea that consumerism will win the war resurface again and again. It seems to me equivalent to someone having been bitten by a malarial mosquito in a swamp who then says: "I won't let that bug change my lifestyle; I will go back to the swamp and live there." Ironically, the evidence is rather conclusive that fancier dishwashers and dreamier cruises don't make our lives better in any meaningful sense. The material goals that have become our raison d'etre have a very short shelf life. People are happy when they have a job that is fulfilling, a family they can rely on, a faith that sustains them, and a government that respects their freedom. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Psychologist; Director, Quality of Life Research Center, Claremont Graduate University; Author, Flow - **Extract length:** 118 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [What Now?](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11733) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-016 — Glaxo/ABSW Science Writer — Colin Tudge > Paul Davies's purely technical contribution surely could be helpful — rather like the technology that prevents the bank staff getting at the serious money, so that raids become pointless. So is Kevin Kelly's comment that knives may slip the guard of cruise missiles (though I have heard this from several quarters. It's common sense rather than science). - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Biologist; Author, Six Steps Back to the Land - **Extract length:** 57 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Glaxo/ABSW Science Writer](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11899) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-017 — Historian among futurists, — George Dyson > A new network won't begin to grow until it is given a critical mass from which to start. ARPA had to get the Internet started with those first few nodes. Don't throw good money after bad trying to bail out the airline industry; put that money into something else. Get the oil pipeline industry, Boeing, Detroit, and all defense contractors on board. The United States deserves an internal transportation system commensurate with its stature as the leader of the free world. This war will be won on the ground, not by trying to defend against rogue missiles, rogue airliners, or rogue states. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Science Historian; Author, Analogia - **Extract length:** 102 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Historian among futurists,](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11584) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-018 — Associate Professor of Neurology — Todd E. Feinberg > An even greater mystery is how the widespread terrorist activity that was required by these attacks unfolded right in front of our nation's collective noses. One wonders how many people working in banks and other financial institutions noticed "odd" transfers and disbursements of funds yet explained them away as somehow acceptable. How many flight instructors quietly wondered why so many of these future terrorists needed flight training, yet said nothing? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** M.D. is Associate Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Chief of the Yarmon Neurobehavior and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City - **Extract length:** 70 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [Associate Professor of Neurology](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11748) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-019 — What next? — Karl Sabbagh > Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology — where are aggressive impulses located in the brain? Are there differences in anatomy and physiology between normal and abnormally violent people? What do we know of the mediators of anger and violent behaviour in the brain? Are there ethically justified ways of reducing violent behaviour, both pathological and non-pathological, using this knowledge? Is it significant that the sexes differ in aggression? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Producer; Founder, Managing Director, Skyscraper Productions; Author, The Antisemitism Wars: How the British Media Failed Their Public - **Extract length:** 65 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [What next?](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11914) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-020 — Professor of Computer Science — John Mccarthy > 1. It has led to more oppressive government. Many governments in these countries have always been oppressive, but religious fanaticism makes the oppression worse. 2. It has suppressed free speech and free press and has put dissenters in prison or killed them. 3. It has reinforced educational systems based on rote learning and fostered ignorance. 4. It has hindered economc progress. 5. It has prevented these countries from making their full contribution to science and technology. In the Middle Ages and well into the European Renaissance Islamic countries were leaders in mathematics and science. In particular, they preserved the Greek knowledge, but they did a lot more. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University - **Extract length:** 107 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Professor of Computer Science](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11599) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-021 — Leading astronomers and cosmologists. — Martin Rees > But what terrifies me most is the potential impact of biological advances. Thousands Ù even millions Ù of people will soon have the technical capability to make and disseminate "weapons" that could cause widespread (even worldwide) epidemics. Not even an organised "cell" or network of terrorists is required Ù just a single fanatic, or a wierdo with the mindset of those who design computer viruses (or even someone who is merely incompetent rather than malign) . Even if all nations imposed strict regulations on perilous applications of biological advances, the chances of effective enforcement are no better than in the case of the drug laws. And a single infringement could trigger disaster. I'm despondent about the 21st century because there seems absolutely no realistic chance of preventing these hazards from looming ever-larger. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Former President, The Royal Society; Emeritus Professor of Cosmology & Astrophysics, University of Cambridge; Fellow, Trinity College; Author, From Here to Infinity - **Extract length:** 132 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Leading astronomers and cosmologists.](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11763) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-022 — Worlds foremost palaeoanthropologists — Christopher Stringer > The gamut of natural human reactions to the appalling events we witnessed on September 11th must run their course: shock, grieving, fear of what happens next, and the need to take action to prevent further, even worse, terrorist attacks. There must also be action to deal with the general situation in the Middle East, particularly the need for a just and long-term settlement of Palestinian-Israeli problems, or this region will remain a seedbed of fanaticism. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Paleoanthropologist; Author, Lone Survivors - **Extract length:** 75 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Worlds foremost palaeoanthropologists](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11613) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-023 — Succumbing To Narrative, Or Writing Our Own — Douglas Rushkoff > Engaging in a traditional holy war would be entirely less fruitful, and tragically hypocritical. Currently, we are witnessing what happens when the narratives human beings have been using to understand their reality no longer work. Fundamentalism is the belief that the real world conforms to the stories we were told about it; that reality has an author, God. We do not participate, we merely adhere to the story (or risk damnation) and are willing to die for the story because the ending has already been ordained. When the map no longer fits the territory, it is the territory that must be changed. Life itself is fixed. Dead. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Media Analyst; Documentary Writer; Author, Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus - **Extract length:** 107 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Succumbing To Narrative, Or Writing Our Own](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11778) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-024 — Aritifical life researcher — Steve Grand > What we need is for all of us to use our brains to the best of our ability, and when we see lazy, selfish, illogical or short-term thinking in other people, we should point it out to them in no uncertain terms. So I have vowed to become less tolerant of stupidity and irresponsibility than I have been. From now on I intend to be militantly intellectual. I shall always remember my moral duty not to hurt people's feelings, but their beliefs, cultural assumptions and political opinions I shall consider it my responsibility to consider and then, if necessary, to challenge. Sadly, it won't save anybody's life today, but it may help avert disaster for tomorrow. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Founder, Cyberlife Research; author, Creation: Life and How to Make It - **Extract length:** 116 words - **Trajectory signals:** `memory_and_persistence`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Aritifical life researcher](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11628) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-025 — The Vulnerability of Headquarters — Tor Nørretranders > Headquarters are a problem in many organizations and systems, where they represent an irrational bottleneck in the free flow of information. Be it the CEO of organizations, the CPU of computers or the conscious self control of human beings, the idea of every bit going through the center, is not functional. Building computers, robots and networks has taught us the need for parallel processing. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Writer; Speaker; Thinker, Copenhagen, Denmark - **Extract length:** 64 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `machine_intelligence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Vulnerability of Headquarters](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11794) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-026 — Biological anthropologist — Robert Aunger > The possibility that the US Administration might now be interested in this arcane branch of knowledge has already been recognized by the mainstream press. Terrorists are organized in loose, intercontinental fabrics of social relations, linked together as nodes in what have been called "cells" from Lenin to bin Laden, but which are better recognized as a group of nodes connected by links which represent the exchange of some sort of resource — ranging from information to machine guns. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Biological Anthropologist; Author, Gaining Control - **Extract length:** 78 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Biological anthropologist](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11643) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-027 — purportedly a novelist by trade — Bruce Sterling > E2(B). A Grand Caliphate. With malignant American and Jewish influence finally scorched from the holy lands of the Umma, a new Golden Age of just and tolerant Universal Islam ensues. It's ruled by Sharia law, under a wise and merciful Caliph who re-unites Sunni and Shi'a and outshines Haroun Al Rashid. A grateful mankind erects many grand and glorious mosques in memory of the warrior saints of Islamic fundamentalism; men whose tactics were rather rough, but in the eyes of history, fully justified. Combined probability of any of the E variants: 10% - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Science Fiction Author, Mirrorshades - **Extract length:** 92 words - **Trajectory signals:** `memory_and_persistence` - **Source:** [purportedly a novelist by trade](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11809) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-028 — The social psychology of terrorism — David G. Myers > • In judging risk, memorable and available images dominate statistical reality. Over one recent ten year period we were 26 times safer, mile per mile, on commercial aircraft than in cars. When this year's numbers are in, air travel will again have been safer than automobiles (and one suspects that, for at least the near future, airplanes will no longer be terrorists' venue of choice). But try to tell that to anyone — which is all of us — harboring vivid images of planes flying into the WTC. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychology, Hope College; Co-author, Psychology, 11th Edition - **Extract length:** 88 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The social psychology of terrorism](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11658) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-029 — We are neural beings — George Lakoff > Each of us, in the prefrontal cortex of our brains, has what are called "mirror neurons." Such neurons fire either when we perform an action or when see the same action performed by someone else. There are connections from that part of the brain to the emotional centers. Such neural circuits are believed to be the basis of empathy. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Fellow at The Rockridge Institute; Author, The Little Blue Book - **Extract length:** 59 words - **Trajectory signals:** `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [We are neural beings](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11824) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-030 — Antipodal Analysis — Mark Stahlman > Imagine that some other people also noticed that pieces of floating rock all pointed in the same direction. Only these floating rocks didn't point towards the North; they pointed towards the South. And, overtime, these people came to worship the magnificent and great South. To them, nothing could be imagined to be more essential to their very survival than the marvelous South. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Newmedia Laboratory - **Extract length:** 62 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [Antipodal Analysis](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11191) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-031 — Analysis programmes — Andrew Brown > I was very disappointed to see that Richard Dawkins had felt obliged to withdraw some of his comments about the role of religion in this issue. To me his original comments rang truer than many of the prosaic psychological insights offered elsewhere and have been chillingly confirmed by the recent revelations in the infamous letter written by one of the WTC hijackers to the rest of his demonic crew. "Keep a very open mind, keep a very open heart of what you are to face," the document says. "You will be entering paradise. You will be entering the happiest life, everlasting life." - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Journalist, The Guardian - **Extract length:** 102 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Analysis programmes](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11359) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-032 — Decision Theory And National Security — Robert Provine > Decision theory offers guidance for national security policy and associated civil liberty issues introduced by the tragic events of September 11. Signal Detection Theory, the state-of-the art procedure for decision making considered here, provides a powerful model for detecting the presence of a "signal," whether a sensory stimulus in the laboratory, a bomb, or a terrorist. Although the underlying mathematical model is complex, predictions from the model are straightforward and will be explored in a few of the many possible security-related applications. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor Emeritus, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Author, Curious Behavior: Yawning, Laughing, Hiccupping, and Beyond - **Extract length:** 82 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Decision Theory And National Security](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11525) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-033 — specialty as a psychiatrist — Richard Rabkin > 5. Unfortunately the structural problem lies in the fact that information is capable of being distorted. No matter what we do, many people will be told we have done something else. Thus the terrorist does not really have to provoke us into an act that will be useful to him, but he has to be able to interpret what we do in that fashion. An example is that the attack on the World Trade Center is being reported as the work of the Israeli secret service. What scientists can do now is perfect systems that allow open communications. What ever happened to the sun-powered computers that could be provided to third world people that got information from satellites? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Psychiatrist - **Extract length:** 118 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [specialty as a psychiatrist](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11206) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-034 — Computer science and complex systems professor at Brandeis University — Jordan Pollack > The behavior of masses, especially in response to strong stimuli, is quite predictable, and the science explaining it originated in the 1890's and was perfected by the 1950's and 60's. I'm not an expert, but I know coherent masses (Crowds) form especially in reaction to events, and all members of the crowd begin to express the same extreme opinion, and follow the leader. Imitation effects, authority effects, and fear of being different all drive the feedforward loop. We could simulate it on a computer, just like we simulate ant colonies or groups of robots. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor and Chairman of Computer Science, Brandeis University - **Extract length:** 94 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Computer science and complex systems professor at Brandeis University](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11374) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-035 — A Manifesto — Jaron Lanier > I'm not talking about any notion of an immortal soul. I just mean the sense that a person is somehow really there, conscious, that when one communicates with other people they are similarly really there. I know many of the respondents on edge.org believe it's only a mental confusion to feel alive, but I beg you in this instance to reconsider your position. You can do so without harming science in any way, and you'd be more honest for having done it. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Computer Scientist; Musician; Author, Who Owns The Future? - **Extract length:** 82 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `memory_and_persistence` - **Source:** [A Manifesto](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11538) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-036 — Director of the McLuhan Program in Culture — Derrick De Kerckhove > The other biggest mistake made by the same token is to have given bin Laden a huge PR effect by affording him the dignity of the enemy. Declaring war — even on "terrorism" was disastrously wrong, not only at the military level (how do you fight an enemy without an army?), but much much more at the symbolical level (the one that counts for the perpetrators of the September 11th massacre) because it immediately elevated a bunch of criminals to a heightened status, and provided Bin Ladin with the only military power he and the Taliban have, that is to be recognized officially as an opponent worthy of huge media attention and also have access to the minds of millions who see him as a hero and not as a terrorist. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Director of the McLuhan Program in Culture - **Extract length:** 131 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Director of the McLuhan Program in Culture](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11221) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-037 — Tales of the Network Frontier — Cliff Barney > I agree that there is a lot of talent, expertise and intelligence in this group. I think the proper response to these attacks is an intense public focus on the reasons for them; teach-ins on the model of the Vietnam teach-ins of the sixties; work by artists and intellectuals to integrate the cultures of the two sides; strong political resistance to attempts to militarize and police America and the world in the name of security. That's for starters. There is going to be plenty to do. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Former Journalist - **Extract length:** 86 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Tales of the Network Frontier](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11389) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-038 — Science writer and commentator — Margaret Wertheim > Physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists, cryptographers, engineers, biotechnologists — large numbers of scientists from all these fields contribute directly or indirectly to the development of weapons. Scientists do not of course mass produce these weapons but without the basic R&D such weapons would not be producable at all. In the wake of September 11, the US administration has called for a huge increase in military spending. That will mean the production of more even weapons and more scientists will be implicated in the development of these. In response to the question What Now?, I suggest that one thing we need is a concerted response from the scientific community against any such move. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** science writer and commentator - **Extract length:** 111 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Science writer and commentator](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11236) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-039 — Act of War or Crime Against Humanity? — Jay Ogilvy > New York, July 12, 2003 Today ground was broken for the new World Trade Center. It won't be as tall as the old one, but its reach will be even broader. In the weeks and months following the attack in 2001, the community of great nations got bigger. United by the common cause of uprooting terrorism all over the world, countries like Russia and China acquired an increased respect for the rule of law. Pakistan and Syria came in from the cold. The stick of American power loomed large, but the carrot of peace and prosperity loomed larger. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** a cofounder of GBN, a Partner in the Monitor Group of Companies - **Extract length:** 98 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Act of War or Crime Against Humanity?](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11405) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-040 — Senior Maverick at Wired magazine — Kevin Kelly > Actually, they would like our literacy (for males) and health care, but that is not enough. I think we need to enlarge western civilization so that we have something to offer them that they want. For all their differences, the Chinese and other Asians share aspirations with us. They would like to have much that we have. This is true of Latin America and even Africa to some extent. They want it in their own way, and on their own terms, and with their own improvements, but there is a sense of a common goal. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Maverick, Wired; Author, What Technology Wants and The Inevitable - **Extract length:** 95 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [Senior Maverick at Wired magazine](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11252) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-041 — Reader in Archaeology at the University of Bradford — Timothy Taylor > When Martin Heidegger famously observed that 'science does not think' he was referring (in part) to the fact that it does not, of itself, supply a system of values. Thus the perversion of science known as Lysenkoism occurred (also in part) because the USSR, in becoming as wholly atheistical as Richard Dawkins, lost the touchstones of ethics, truth, and humility. By willfully misconstruing the insights of Darwin, the 'agrobiological' experiments of T.D.Lysenko, director of the Soviet Academy's Institute of Genetics, directly led to the deaths of millions in famines. It is not just religious fanatics, however defined, that commit atrocity. It was bad science, of course, but even good science is no more than a powerful way of finding things out. In the words of Dr Johnson "Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful." - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Jan Eisner Professor of Archaeology, Comenius University in Bratislava; Author, The Artificial Ape - **Extract length:** 142 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Reader in Archaeology at the University of Bradford](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11420) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-042 — What are they up to? — Paul W. Ewald > The future might unfolds in this way. But underestimation of the enemy has been a common cause of disaster throughout history, from the underestimation of Romans by the Teutones and the underestimation of the Parthians by Romans a half century later to underestimation of the Soviets by the Nazi's and the underestimation of the Afghans by the Soviets a half century later. Imperial Japan paid dearly for its underestimation of the destructive power of the United States a half century ago. We would be wise consider carefully the possibility that the attack at the World Trade Center is part of a clever strategy rather than simply an act of terrorism. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Biology, Amherst College; Author, Plague Time - **Extract length:** 110 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [What are they up to?](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11267) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-043 — What Next? End Economic Sanctions — Mary Catherine Bateson > Hard as it seems to realize, America's self interest can no longer be distinguished from that of other nations — not just our traditional allies but our rivals and even our enemies. Recognizing this, the United States must reengage with international efforts like those for arms control and against global warming, as a nation among nations rather than perpetually demanding to be treated as an exception. We need to recognize that we are vulnerable in our homes — and that our home depends on the health and goodwill of the entire planet. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor Emerita, George Mason University; Visiting Scholar, Sloan Center on Aging & Work, Boston College; Author, Composing a Further Life - **Extract length:** 92 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [What Next? End Economic Sanctions](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11435) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-044 — America's Most Important Export: the case for education in a confused world — Roger Schank > To radically reform our education system we need to focus on three issues. what we teach, how we teach, and how we deliver teaching. Working backwards, delivery must be on line. The internet offers the possibility of educating everyone equally, with greater opportunities for the expression of individual differences. Students would be able to take whatever they like whenever they like. Certifying authorities could be located anywhere. Interactions would be of two types primarily: courses that are mentored on line by teachers who evaluate work products submitted by students, and courses where the computer itself provided the evaluation. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** CEO, Socratic Arts Inc.; John Evans Professor Emeritus of Computer Science, Psychology and Education, Northwestern University; Author, Make School Meaningful-And Fun! - **Extract length:** 98 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [America's Most Important Export: the case for education in a confused world](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11282) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-045 — Elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society — Richard Dawkins > With perverse injustice, a wave of anti-American verbal nastiness – accompanied by nice, liberal self-doubt – was triggered by the physical anti-Americanism of September 11th. We hear talk of Coca Cola, MacDonalds and other unpopular icons of supposed American culture. These are not what I would be sorry to lose, and they are relatively trivial. Modern America is the principal inheritor, and today's leading exponent, of European scientific and rational civilisation. And that means the highest civilisation ever, not excluding the Greeks and Chinese. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Evolutionary Biologist; Emeritus Professor of the Public Understanding of Science, Oxford; Author, Books Do Furnish a Life - **Extract length:** 84 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11450) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-046 — Pioneers of what has come to be called chaos theory — J. Doyne Farmer > The other road to prediction and control is to change the system in a more fundamental way. Change the parameters and get rid of the behavior you don't want. This is hard too, because it involves a deeper level of understanding and more fundamental change. But it has the advantage that, when you can do it, it is more stable, more reliable, and a much better solution. This corresponds to finding the root causes of terrorism and altering the political landscape so that it dies out. This will be very hard, but it has the enormous advantage that it might actually work. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Mathematics, Oxford University; Director, Complexity Economics, Institute for New Economic Thinking, Oxford Martin School; Co-founder, Prediction Company - **Extract length:** 102 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Pioneers of what has come to be called chaos theory](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11312) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-047 — The Arthur W. Bromage Distinguished University — Robert Axelrod > Even more important, we must not let the war on terrorism distract us from dealing with other problems. Examples of other problems that need attention are the plight of millions of refugees from and in Afghanistan, the stagnation of our relationship with North Korea, the adjustment of China to the WTO, and the possibility of progress between the PLO and Israel. And if another problem arises that calls for attention, we must not be too distracted to deal with it as well. An example would be a currency crisis in a country like Argentina, that if not attended to, could spread through the continent and then throughout the Third World. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Walgreen Professor for the Study of Human Understanding, University of Michigan; Author, The Evolution of Cooperation - **Extract length:** 110 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Arthur W. Bromage Distinguished University](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11465) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-048 — Time And Timing — Esther Dyson > Despite our loss of innocence, Americans should not lose our hope and the optimism that led to our success as a vibrant democracy. (In its worst form it was smugness and support of corrupt regimes; in its best, courage.) There is one victory at least that all of us — the free world — can deny the terrorists. We can refuse to remake our world in their image: a place of fear and mind control, where citizens are tracked and followed, where people are afraid to look or act different. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Investor; Chairman, EDventure Holdings; Executive Founder, Wellville; Author: Release 2.0 - **Extract length:** 90 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Time And Timing](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11326) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-049 — Federal Communications Commission — David Farber > We must defend our liberty not just now but we must realize that what we do now will define what nation we will pass on to our children and their children. Liberty, once given up, is almost impossible to recover. We must choose wisely and deliberately what we do to defend our democracy and our future — and our children's future. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Chief Technologist, Federal Communications Commission - **Extract length:** 61 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [Federal Communications Commission](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11480) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-050 — Balancing Security and Liberty — David Farber > We are about to take a dramatic technical step forward in communications technology with the arrival of end-to-end optical communications links. The very speed of these links (~60 Gbytes/wave) and vast number of waves possible demand a new examination of the Internet's structure and of the architectures of computer hardware and operating systems. This is an excellent time to make security fundamental to any real next-generation network. Information security and network resource protection must be a requirement, not an option. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Chief Technologist, Federal Communications Commission - **Extract length:** 80 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [Balancing Security and Liberty](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11161) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-051 — The Science of Identity — David Berreby > We are all in the early, unsettled stages of defining our side. Within Islam and within the United States, there are those who speak in terms of God and the sins of nonbelievers. In Europe, I see, at least one Premier has proclaimed the superiority of "Western civilization." Our own president here used the unfortunate word "crusade." It is not inconceivable that in this struggle the "we" definition that succeeds will be Islam vs. Non-Islam; or North vs. South; or the West vs. the Rest. Many of these potential definitions point to a world where "our" victory would be scarcely better than "our" defeat. (In a war of Christianity vs. Islam, where is an atheist materialist going to go?) - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Journalist; Author, Us and Them - **Extract length:** 119 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Science of Identity](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11342) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-052 — Assistant Professor of Psychology — Geoffrey Miller > (3) The doctrine of corporate personhood, under which limited-liability corporations have all the same rights granted to human individuals under the Constitution. This doctrine was introduced by U. S. Supreme Court Justice Morrison Remick Waite, without argument or explanation, in a bizarre 1886 ruling in the case of Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company. The doctrine of corporate personhood in turn allowed corporations to corrupt the political system (through their "right" to give campaign contributions), the media (through their "right" to free speech, i.e. advertising, and their resulting tacit control as advertisers over the editorial content of national media), and the public interest (through their "right"to life ‹ i.e. unlimited persistence even if convicted of corporate malfeasance). - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Evolutionary psychologist, NYU Stern Business School and University of New Mexico; author of The Mating Mind and Spent - **Extract length:** 119 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `memory_and_persistence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Assistant Professor of Psychology](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11495) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-053 — Today I am an American too — David Deutsch > In contrast, the West's anger, and the West's restrained, careful and humane response in self-defence, are justified. The problem is not to find alternatives to defending ourselves against murderers. The exact opposite is true: this violence will end if and only if we defend ourselves, effectively. And effectiveness will depend in part on our saying truthfully what we are doing, and why our stance is not essentially the same as theirs. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, University of Oxford; Author, The Beginning of Infinity; Recipient, Edge Computation Science Prize - **Extract length:** 71 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [Today I am an American too](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11176) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-054 — High-tech journalism — Sylvia Paull > One must ask what role women have played since September 11, and it seems to me that our voice has been lost. We are not players in this war — all the fighters and outspoken politicians have been men. A few among our ranks have protested outcries of war, a few of us have even perished in this war (although the majority of victims, including all of the perpetrators, were men), but our voice has not been heard. Ironically, while Americans chastise the oppression of Afghani women by the Taliban, the continued economic, political, and cultural oppression, repression, and regression of women at home goes unremarked. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** founder of Gracenet - **Extract length:** 106 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [High-tech journalism](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11358) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-055 — Professor of physics at the Institute — Freeman Dyson > The day after the disaster, I had lunch with an Austrian friend. He talked about the events of July 1914 after the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo. Many people in the Austrian government, including the Emperor, felt that this act of terrorism should be handled diplomatically. But the newspapers were screaming for war against Serbia, using the same rhetoric that we hear today. The Serbian government is sheltering the terrorists and must be punished. The world must know that the Austro Hungarian Empire is a great power and capable of defending its interests. Since we can't make war on the terrorists, we must make war on Serbia for helping the terrorists. This barrage of patriotic frenzy in the newspapers continued for four weeks, and finally pushed the government to take the disastrous steps that led to the outbreak of World War One at the end of July. In many ways, our present state of mind is uncomfortably similar to July 1914 in Vienna. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, Institute of Advanced Study; Author, Disturbing the Universe; Maker of Patterns - **Extract length:** 165 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [Professor of physics at the Institute](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11510) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2001A-056 — Mathematician and computer scientist — Marvin Minsky > Well, many of us are not so sure that we (does Deutsch?) can always distinguish between right and wrong, — as do most adherents of religions. (Yes, this has exceptions, too.) Because most religions teach that Faith is a virtue, and teach that morality comes not from reason but from sacred texts that one must be trained to believe. The result, I think that Dawkins agrees, is that religions do not teach those Western Virtues of tolerance, openness to ideas, and — above all — the virtues of critical thinking. This, in my view is what leads many people into following leaders that we/I see as "evil". - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Mathematician; computer scientist; Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, MIT; cofounder, MIT's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; author, The Emotion Machine - **Extract length:** 107 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [Mathematician and computer scientist](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11145) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted