# Edge 2018 Full Quotation Curation This is a source-first local curation of the complete Edge Annual Question response cohort, *WHAT IS THE LAST QUESTION?*. It preserves every response row exposed by the aggregate archive as an indexed provenance object with contributor identity, response title, credentials when supplied by Edge, an exact representative extract, and its direct response page when the archive exposes one. It is a curation record rather than a claim that every extract has been promoted into Simple Reminders. - **Annual Question:** [WHAT IS THE LAST QUESTION?](https://www.edge.org/annual-question/what-is-the-last-question) - **Aggregate response archive:** [View all responses](https://www.edge.org/responses/what-is-the-last-question) - **Archive year:** 2018 - **Response rows represented:** 283 - **Rows with substantive textual extracts:** 163 - **Rows without a substantive extract:** 120 - **Institutional router:** [[collections/Edge|Edge]] - **Promoted archive entries:** 0 - **Canonical reminder files linked:** 0 - **Not yet promoted:** 283 ## Editorial and provenance boundaries 1. Every extract below is copied from the downloaded Edge aggregate response archive and whitespace-normalized without changing its words. 2. The extract is representative, not a substitute for the full response; the linked response or aggregate page remains the provenance object. 3. Hypotheses, predictions, questions, provocations, and contested positions remain the contributor's claims rather than established facts. 4. Promotion into `reminders/` requires a separate standalone-passage, headline, category, source, routing, and reciprocal-link review. 5. This file records the entire archive cohort even when a response is outside the present consciousness-continuity and machine-succession trajectories. ## Complete response index ### EDGE2018-001 — The Last Question — Tania Lombrozo > How will advances in mental prosthetics that connect us with other human and machine minds change the way we think about expertise? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychology, UC Berkeley - **Extract length:** 22 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27772) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-002 — The Last Question — Alex Poots > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Artistic Director and CEO, The Shed - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27771) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-003 — The Last Question — Dirk Helbing > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Computational Social Science, ETH Zurich; TU Delft, The Netherlands - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27770) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-004 — The Last Question — Paul J. Steinhardt > Will the universe observed today someday begin to contract, bounce, and be reborn? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Albert Einstein Professor in Science, Departments of Physics and Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University; Coauthor, Endless Universe - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27769) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-005 — The Last Question — Vilayanur Ramachandran > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Neuroscientist; Professor & Director, Center for Brain and Cognition, UC, San Diego; Author, The Tell-Tale Brain - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27767) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-006 — The Last Question — Gianluigi Ricuperati > Is the botscape going to force us to give up the use of the first-person singular nominative case personal pronoun, I? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Writer; Essayist; Curator - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27766) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-007 — The Last Question — Mary Catherine Bateson > Will the process of discovery be completed in any of the natural sciences? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor Emerita, George Mason University; Visiting Scholar, Sloan Center on Aging & Work, Boston College; Author, Composing a Further Life - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27765) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-008 — The Last Question — Oliver Scott Curry > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Researcher, Director, The Oxford Morals Project, Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford - **Extract length:** 3 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27764) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-009 — The Last Question — Yuri Milner > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist; Entrepreneur & Venture Capitalist; Science Philanthropist - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27763) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-010 — The Last Question — Eric R. Weinstein > Does something unprecedented happen when we finally learn our own source code? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Mathematician and Economist; Managing Director of Thiel Capital - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27761) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-011 — The Last Question — Martin Lercher > What proportion of "ethnic" and "religious" tensions are rooted in our genes? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Computational Cell Biology at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf; Co-author (with Itai Yanai), The Society of Genes - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27738) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-012 — The Last Question — Isabel Behncke Izquierdo > What is the biological price of being a species with a sense of humor? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Primatologist; Associate Professor, Social Complexity Research Centre (CICS) Gobierno UDD, Santiago de Chile; Visiting Researcher, Social and Evolutionary Neuroscience Research Group (SENRG) University of Oxford - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27737) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-013 — The Last Question — Linda Wilbrecht > How can we sculpt how individual brains develop to avert mental illness? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor, UC Berkeley Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27736) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-014 — The Last Question — Itai Yanai > How can we rebel against our genes if we are biological creatures without free will? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Director, Institute for Computational Medicine; Professor, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine; Co-author (with Martin Lercher), The Society of Genes - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27735) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-015 — The Last Question — Daniel Haun > Which facets of life will we never understand once biological and cultural diversity has vanished? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Early Child Development and Culture, Director, Leipzig Research Center for Early Child Development, Leipzig University - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27734) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-016 — The Last Question — Bret Weinstein > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical Evolutionary Biologist - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27733) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-017 — The Last Question — Dustin Yellin > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Artist; Founder, Pioneer Works - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27732) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-018 — The Last Question — Stephen J. Stich > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Board of Governors Professor, Department of Philosophy, Rutgers University - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27731) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-019 — The Last Question — Paul Saffo > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Technology Forecaster; Consulting Associate Professor, Stanford University - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27730) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-020 — The Last Question — Gino Segre > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania; Author, The Pope of Physics: Enrico Fermi and the Birth of the Atomic Age - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27729) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-021 — The Last Question — W. Brian Arthur > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** External Professor, Santa Fe Institute; Visiting Researcher, Intelligent Systems Lab, PARC; Inaugural Recipient, Lagrange Prize; Author, The Nature of Technology - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27728) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-022 — The Last Question — Nina Stegeman > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Editor, EDGE; Project Manager, Brockman, Inc. - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27727) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-023 — The Last Question — Elizabeth Wrigley-Field > How do our microbes contribute to that particular combination of continuity and change that makes us human? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities; Faculty Member, Minnesota Population Center - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27726) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-024 — The Last Question — Scott Sampson > How do ideas about biological evolution change once one species has control over the origin and extinction of all other species? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** President & CEO, Science World British Columbia; Dinosaur paleontologist and science communicator; Author, How To Raise A Wild Child - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27725) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-025 — The Last Question — Tyler Cowen > How far are we from wishing to return to the technologies of the year 1900? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Holbert L. Harris Chair of Economics, George Mason University; Distinguished Senior Fellow, F. A. Hayek Program for Advanced Study in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics; General Director, Mercatus Center - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27724) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-026 — The Last Question — Timo Hannay > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Founding Managing Director, SchoolDash; Co-organizer, Sci Foo Camp - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27723) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-027 — The Last Question — Nicholas A. Christakis > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Sterling Professor of Social and Natural Science, Yale University; Co-author, Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27722) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-028 — The Last Question — John W. Krakauer > Is our continued coexistence with the other big mammals essential to furthering our understanding of human cognition? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Neurologist and Neuroscientist, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27721) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-029 — The Last Question — Jonathan Gottschall > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Distinguished Research Fellow, English Department, Washington & Jefferson College; Author, The Storytelling Animal - **Extract length:** 5 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27720) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-030 — The Last Question — Gregory Benford > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Emeritus Professor of Physics and Astronomy, UC-Irvine; Novelist, The Berlin Project - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27718) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-031 — The Last Question — David Edelman > Will we ever be replaced by another earthly species capable of evolving to a similar degree of social and technical sophistication that effectively fills the biocultural niche we vacated? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Neuroscientist; Guest Investigator, Dartmouth College - **Extract length:** 29 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27717) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-032 — The Last Question — Olivier Sibony > Will we ever find an organization form that brings out the best in people? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Fellow, Saïd Business School; Affiliate Professor, HEC Paris; Guest Lecturer, London Business School; Author, You're About to Make a Terrible Mistake! - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27716) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-033 — The Last Question — Charles Seife > How can we reap the benefits of the wide and open exchange of data without undermining the values that depend upon the scarcity of information? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Journalism, New York University; Former Journalist, Science Magazine; Author, Hawking Hawking - **Extract length:** 25 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27715) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-034 — The Last Question — Martin Nowak > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Biology and Mathematics, Harvard University; Co-author, SuperCooperators - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27714) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-035 — The Last Question — Nick Enfield > Is the cumulation of shared knowledge forever constrained by the limits of human language? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor and Chair, Department of Linguistics, University of Sydney; Author, How We Talk - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27712) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-036 — The Last Question — Jason Wilkes > Why are the errors that our best machine-learning algorithms make so different from the errors we humans make? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Graduate student in Psychology, UC Santa Barbara; Author, Burn Math Class - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27710) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-037 — The Last Question — David C. Queller > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Evolutionary Biologist, Washington University in St. Louis - **Extract length:** 5 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27709) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-038 — The Last Question — Priyamvada Natarajan > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor in Departments of Astronomy and Physics at Yale University, focusing on exotica in the universe—dark matter, dark energy, and black holes; Author, Mapping the Heavens - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27708) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-039 — The Last Question — Simon Baron-Cohen > Can we re-design our education system based on the principle of neurodiversity? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Developmental Psychopathology, University of Cambridge; Fellow, Trinity College, Cambridge; Director, Autism Research Centre, Cambridge; Author, The Pattern Seekers - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27707) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-040 — The Last Question — Tim Maudlin > Why are people so seldom persuaded by clear evidence and rational argument? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Philosophy, NYU - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27706) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-041 — The Last Question — S. Abbas Raza > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Founding Editor, 3QuarksDaily.com - **Extract length:** 5 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27705) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-042 — The Last Question — Eduardo Salcedo-Albaran > Why do some people act inside the law, others outside, and others create the law? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Philosopher; Director, Scientific Vortex, Inc. - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27704) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-043 — The Last Question — Michael Hochberg > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Evolutionist, CNRS, Santa Fe Institute, Institute for Advanced Study Toulouse - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27703) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-044 — The Last Question — Seirian Sumner > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Reader, Behavioral Ecology, University College London - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27702) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-045 — The Last Question — Karl Sabbagh > How will humanity change in light of the increasing use of non-sexual methods of reproduction? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Producer; Founder, Managing Director, Skyscraper Productions; Author, The Antisemitism Wars: How the British Media Failed Their Public - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27701) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-046 — The Last Question — Jimena Canales > When will we accept that the most accurate clocks will have to advance regularly sometimes, irregularly most of the time, and at times run counterclockwise? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Writer and faculty at the Graduate College, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign; Author, The Physicist and the Philosopher - **Extract length:** 25 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27699) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-047 — The Last Question — Dimitar D. Sasselov > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Astronomy, Harvard University; Director, Harvard Origins of Life Initiative; Author, The Life of Super-Earths - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27698) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-048 — The Last Question — Timothy Taylor > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Jan Eisner Professor of Archaeology, Comenius University in Bratislava; Author, The Artificial Ape - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27697) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-049 — The Last Question — Roger Highfield > Will a baby grown from an embryo constructed from human stem cells eventually become a person? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Director, External Affairs, Science Museum Group; Co-author (with Martin Nowak), SuperCooperators - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27696) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-050 — The Last Question — Ross Anderson > How will we build the tools to maintain the software in long-lived online devices that can kill us? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Security Engineering at Cambridge University - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27695) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-051 — The Last Question — Jaan Tallinn > Will the behavior of a superintelligent AI be mostly determined by the results of its reasoning about the other superintelligent AIs? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Co-Founder, Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, Future of Life Institute; Founding Engineer, Skype, Kazaa - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27694) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-052 — The Last Question — Brian Christian > Is the unipolar future of a "singleton" the inevitable destiny of intelligent life? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Author, The Most Human Human; Co-author (with Tom Griffiths), The Alignment Problem - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27693) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-053 — The Last Question — Koo Jeong - A > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Artist - **Extract length:** 4 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27692) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-054 — The Last Question — Eric Topol > Can behavioral science crack the ultimate challenge of getting people to durably adopt much healthier lifestyles? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Genomics, The Scripps Translational Science Institute; Author, The Patient Will See You Now - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27691) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-055 — The Last Question — Alun Anderson > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Consultant (and former Editor-in-Chief and Publishing Director), New Scientist; Author, After the Ice - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27690) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-056 — The Last Question — Michael I. Norton > Why do humans behave as though what can be known is finite? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Harold M. Brierley Professor of Business Administration, Director of Research, Harvard Business School; Co-author (with Elizabeth Dunn), Happy Money - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27689) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-057 — The Last Question — Ian Bogost > Is there a way for humans to directly experience what it’s like to be another entity? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Ivan Allen College Distinguished Chair in Media Studies and Professor of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology; Founding Partner, Persuasive Games LLC; Contributing Editor, The Atlantic - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27688) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-058 — The Last Question — Joscha Bach > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Cognitive Scientist, MIT Media Lab, Harvard Program for Evolutionary Dynamics - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27687) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-059 — The Last Question — Jaeweon Cho > Can we design a modern society without money which is at least as effective economically and politically as our current system? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Environmental Engineering, UNIST; Director, Science Walden Center - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27685) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-060 — The Last Question — Nina Jablonski > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Biological Anthropologist and Paleobiologist; Evan Pugh University Professor of Anthropology at Pennsylvania State University - **Extract length:** 4 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27684) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-061 — The Last Question — Jennifer Richeson > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychology, Yale University - **Extract length:** 5 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27683) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-062 — The Last Question — Thalia Wheatley > How will the advent of direct brain-to-brain communication change the way we think? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27682) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-063 — The Last Question — Victoria Stodden > How do I know the right level of abstraction at which to explain a phenomenon? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27681) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-064 — The Last Question — Molly Crockett > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Assistant Professor of Psychology, Yale University; Distinguished Research Fellow, Oxford Centre for Neuroethics - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27680) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-065 — The Last Question — Seth Lloyd > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Quantum Mechanical Engineering, MIT; Author, Programming the Universe - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27679) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-066 — The Last Question — Phil Rosenzweig > How can aims of individual liberty and economic efficiency be reconciled with aims of social justice and environmental sustainability? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Strategy and International Business at IMD, Lausanne, Switzerland; Author, Left Brain, Right Stuff - **Extract length:** 19 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27678) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-067 — The Last Question — Siobhan Roberts > Can a user-friendly computer proof assistant satisfy the mathematician’s desire for certainty without killing the pleasure? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Director’s Visitor, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton; Author, Genius at Play and King of Infinite Space - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27677) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-068 — The Last Question — James Geary > Why is the phenomenon too familiar to investigate the hardest thing to completely understand? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Deputy Curator, Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard; Author, Wit's End - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27676) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-069 — The Last Question — Abigail Marsh > When in the evolution of animal life did the capacity to experience love for another being first emerge? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor of Psychology, Georgetown University - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27675) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-070 — The Last Question — Jon Kleinberg > Can we create technologies that help equitably reduce the amount of conflict in the world? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Tisch University Professor of Computer Science, Cornell University - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27674) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-071 — The Last Question — Hans Halvorson > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Philosophy, Princeton University - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27673) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-072 — The Last Question — Kurt Gray > What will happen to human love when we can design the perfect robot lover? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Co-author (with Daniel Wegner), The Mind Club - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27672) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-073 — The Last Question — Coco Krumme > Why do we care so much about how well we're approximated by algorithms? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Applied Mathematician, UC Berkeley; Founder, Leeward Co. - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27671) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-074 — The Last Question — Joshua Bongard > Will a machine ever be able to feel what an organism feels? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Cyril G. Veinott Green and Gold Professor, Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont Author, How the Body Shapes the Way We Think - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27670) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-075 — The Last Question — Paul Kedrosky > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Editor, Infectious Greed; General Partner, SK Ventures - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27669) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-076 — The Last Question — Joel Gold > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Psychiatrist; Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine; Coauthor (with Ian Gold), Suspicious Minds - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27668) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-077 — The Last Question — Max Tegmark > What will be the literally last question that will preoccupy future superintelligent cosmic life for as long as the laws of physics permit? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, MIT; Researcher, Precision Cosmology; Scientific Director, Foundational Questions Institute; President, Future of Life Institute; Author, Life 3.0 - **Extract length:** 23 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27667) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-078 — The Last Question — Tim O'Reilly > How can AI and other digital technologies help us create global institutions that we can trust? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Founder and CEO, O'Reilly Media, Inc.; Author, WTF?: What’s the Future and Why It’s Up to Us - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27666) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-079 — The Last Question — John Naughton > Why do humans who possess or acquire unaccountable power over others invariably abuse it? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Cambridge; Director, Wolfson College Press Fellowship Programme; Columnist, the Observer; Author, From Gutenberg to Zuckerberg - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27665) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-080 — The Last Question — David M. Buss > Will scientific advances about the causes of sexual conflict help to end the "battle of the sexes"? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin; Author, When Men Behave Badly - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27664) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-081 — The Last Question — Helena Cronin > Can natural selection's legacy of sex differences in values be reconciled with the universal values of the Enlightenment? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Co-director of LSE's Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science; Author, The Ant and the Peacock: Altruism and Sexual Selection from Darwin to Today - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27663) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-082 — The Last Question — Antony Garrett Lisi > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical physicist - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27662) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-083 — The Last Question — Daniel Goleman > Is there a subtle form of consciousness that operates independent of brain function? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Psychologist; Author (with Richard Davidson), Altered Traits - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27661) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-084 — The Last Question — Chris Anderson > How can we put rational prices on human lives without becoming inhuman? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** CEO, 3D Robotics; Founder, DIY Drones - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27660) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-085 — The Last Question — David Dalrymple > Could the thermodynamic prophecy of an increasingly entropic universe be fulfilled by the cosmic flourishing of intelligent life? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Research affiliate, MIT Media Lab - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27659) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-086 — The Last Question — Eliezer S. Yudkowsky > What is the fastest way to reliably align a powerful AGI around the safe performance of some limited task that is potent enough to save the world from unaligned AGI? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Research Fellow; Co-founder, Machine Intelligence Research Institute - **Extract length:** 30 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27658) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-087 — The Last Question — Randolph Nesse > In what situations does the capacity for low mood give a selective advantage? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Research Professor of Life Sciences, Director (2014-2019), Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University; Author, Good Reasons for Bad Feelings - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27657) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-088 — The Last Question — Nigel Goldenfeld > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27656) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-089 — The Last Question — Sabine Hossenfelder > How can we separate the assessment of scientific evidence from value judgments? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical Physicist; Research Fellow, Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies; Author, Existential Physics - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27655) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-090 — The Last Question — Read Montague > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Neuroscientist; Director, Human Neuroimaging Lab and Computational Psychiatry Unit, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute; Author, Why Choose This Book?: How We Make Decisions - **Extract length:** 3 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27654) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-091 — The Last Question — Adam Waytz > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Psychologist; Associate Professor of Management and Organizations, Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University; Author, The Power of Human - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27653) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-092 — The Last Question — Stephen M. Kosslyn > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Founding Dean, Minerva Schools at the Keck Graduate Institute - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27652) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-093 — The Last Question — Dan Sperber > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Social and Cognitive Scientist; CEU Budapest and CNRS Paris; Co-author (with Deirdre Wilson), Meaning and Relevance; and (with Hugo Mercier), The Enigma of Reason - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27651) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-094 — The Last Question — Giulio Boccaletti > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Chief Strategy Officer of The Nature Conservancy; Author, Water: A Biography - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27650) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-095 — The Last Question — Anthony Aguirre > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz; Author, Cosmological Koans - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27649) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-096 — The Last Question — Scott Atran > How can science best leverage unreason to overcome the heroic passion for war? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Anthropologist; Emeritus Research Director, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Jean Nicod, Paris; Co-Founder, Centre for the Resolution of Intractable Conflict, University of Oxford; Author, Talking to the Enemy - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27648) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-097 — The Last Question — Lisa Feldman Barrett > How does a single human brain architecture create many kinds of human minds? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** University Distinguished Professor of Psychology, Northeastern University; Research Neuroscientist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Lecturer in Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Author, Seven and a Half Lessons About the Brain - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27647) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-098 — The Last Question — Robert Plomin > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Behavioral Genetics, King's College London; Author, Blueprint - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27646) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-099 — The Last Question — Andrian Kreye > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Editor-at-large of the German Daily Newspaper, Sueddeutsche Zeitung, Munich - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27645) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-100 — The Last Question — Monica L. Smith > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Anthropology, UCLA; Author, Cities - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27644) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-101 — The Last Question — Brian Knutson > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience; Stanford University - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27643) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-102 — The Last Question — René Scheu > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Editor-in-chief, Feuilleton of Neue Zürcher Zeitung - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27642) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-103 — The Last Question — A. C. Grayling > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Master of the New College of the Humanities; Supernumerary Fellow, St Anne's College, Oxford; Author, War: An Enquiry - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27641) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-104 — The Last Question — Thomas A. Bass > What libraries will we have to build when cloning becomes infinitely expandable? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of English and Journalism, State University of New York, Albany; Author of The Eudaemonic Pie and The Spy Who Loved US - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27640) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-105 — The Last Question — Tor Nørretranders > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Writer; Speaker; Thinker, Copenhagen, Denmark - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27639) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-106 — The Last Question — Steve Omohundro > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Scientist, Self-Aware Systems; Co-founder, Center for Complex Systems Research - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27638) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-107 — The Last Question — Lee Smolin > Why is the acceleration of the expansion of the universe roughly equal to a typical acceleration of a star in a circular orbit in a disk galaxy? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, Perimeter Institute; Author, Einstein's Unfinished Revolution - **Extract length:** 27 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27637) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-108 — The Last Question — Marti Hearst > Will reading and writing survive given the seduction of video and audio? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Computer Scientist, UC Berkeley, School of Information; Author, Search User Interfaces - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27636) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-109 — The Last Question — Jonathan B. Losos > How will evolution shape the biological world one hundred years from now, or one hundred thousand? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Monique and Philip Lehner Professor for the Study of Latin America, Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University; Curator in Herpetology, Museum of Comparative Zoology; Author, Improbable Destinies - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27635) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-110 — The Last Question — Rodney A. Brooks > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Panasonic Professor of Robotics (emeritus); Former Director, MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (1997-2007); Founder, CTO, Robust.AI; Author, Flesh and Machines - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27634) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-111 — The Last Question — Bart Kosko > What is the bumpiest and highest-dimensional cost surface that our best computers will be able to search and still find the deepest cost well? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Information Scientist and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Law, University of Southern California; Author, Noise, Fuzzy Thinking - **Extract length:** 24 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27633) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-112 — The Last Question — Daniel Hook > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** CEO, Digital Science - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27632) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-113 — The Last Question — Victoria Wyatt > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor of History in Art, University of Victoria - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27631) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-114 — The Last Question — Anton Zeilinger > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Nobel laureate (2022 - Physics); Physicist, University of Vienna; Scientific Director, Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information; President, Austrian Academy of Sciences; Author, Dance of the Photons: From Einstein to Quantum Teleportation - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27630) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-115 — The Last Question — Stanislas Dehaene > Is our brain fundamentally limited in its ability to understand the external world? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Neuroscientist; Collège de France, Paris; Author, How We Learn - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27629) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-116 — The Last Question — June Gruber > What is the upper limit for how malleable the human mind and our emotions can actually be? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27628) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-117 — The Last Question — Chris DiBona > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Open Source and Public Sector, Google - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27627) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-118 — The Last Question — Toby Ord > What can humanity do right now that will make the biggest difference over the next billion years? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Philosopher, Oxford University; Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute; Author, The Precipice - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27626) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-119 — The Last Question — Noga Arikha > Will it ever be possible for us to transcend our limited experience of time as linear? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Fellow, Warburg Insitute (London); Research Associate, Institut Jean Nicod of the Ecole Normale Supérieure (Paris); Author, The Ceiling Outside - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27625) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-120 — The Last Question — Marcel Kinsbourne > Are dreams brief glimpses of the narrative of a subconscious alternative reality? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Neurologist and Cognitive Neuroscientist, The New School; Co-author, Children's Learning and Attention Problems - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27624) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-121 — The Last Question — Gloria Origgi > Why do even the most educated people today feel that their grip on what they can truly know is weaker than ever before? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Philosopher and Researcher, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris; Author, Reputation: What it is and Why it Matters - **Extract length:** 23 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27623) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-122 — The Last Question — Tim White > How much would surrendering our god(s) strengthen the odds of our survival? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Paleoanthropologist; Professor of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27622) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-123 — The Last Question — Kai Krause > What will happen to religion on earth when the first alien life form is found?​ - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Software Pioneer; Philosopher; Author, A Realtime Literature Explorer - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27621) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-124 — The Last Question — Gary Marcus > Why are humans still so much more flexible in their thinking and everyday reasoning than machines? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychology, Director NYU Center for Language and Music; Author, Guitar Zero - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27620) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-125 — The Last Question — Gerd Gigerenzer > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Psychologist; Director, Harding Center for Risk Literacy, Max Planck Institute for Human Development; Author, How to Stay Smart in a Smart World - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27619) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-126 — The Last Question — Syed Tasnim Raza > Will it be possible to do surgical operations in the future without making incisions? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Medical Director, Cardiac Surgery Step-Down Unit at Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27618) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-127 — The Last Question — Albert Wenger > How do we create and maintain backup options for humanity to quickly rebuild an advanced civilization after a catastrophic human extinction event? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Managing Partner, Union Square Ventures - **Extract length:** 22 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27617) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-128 — The Last Question — Milford H. Wolpoff > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Anthropology, University of Michigan; Adjunct Associate Research Scientist, Museum of Anthropology - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27616) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-129 — The Last Question — Buddhini Samarasinghe > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Molecular Biologist - **Extract length:** 4 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27615) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-130 — The Last Question — Gary Klein > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Scientist, MacroCognition LLC; Author, Seeing What Others Don't: The Remarkable Ways We Gain Insights - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27614) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-131 — The Last Question — Steve Fuller > Can we design a common test to assess machine, animal and human intelligence? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Philosopher; Auguste Comte Chair in Social Epistemology, University of Warwick; Author, The Proactionary Imperative: A Foundation for Transhumanism - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27613) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-132 — The Last Question — Brian G. Keating > Is there any observational evidence that could shake your faith, or lack thereof? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Chancellor's Distinguished Professor of Physics, University of California, San Diego; Author, Losing the Nobel Prize - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27612) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-133 — The Last Question — Andrew Barron > What would a diagram that gave a complete understanding of imagination need to be? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Neuroethologist, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27611) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-134 — The Last Question — Jared Diamond > Why is there such widespread public opposition to science and scientific reasoning in the United States, the world leader in every major branch of science? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Geography, University of California Los Angeles; Author, Upheaval - **Extract length:** 25 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27610) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-135 — The Last Question — Michael Vassar > How can coalitions of scholars who wish to update the content of explicit common knowledge in order to use that knowledge collaboratively detect and circumvent coalitions which are applying narrative control strategies to preserve arbitrage opportunities implicit in disparities between official narratives and reality? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Co-founder and Chief Science Officer, MetaMed Research - **Extract length:** 44 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27609) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-136 — The Last Question — Maria Spiropulu > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Shang-Yi Ch’en Professor of Physics, California Institute of Technology; Founder, AQT/INQNET - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27608) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-137 — The Last Question — Dorsa Amir > Are the simplest bits of information in the brain stored at the level of the neuron? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Boston College - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27605) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-138 — The Last Question — Laura Betzig > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Anthropologist; Historian - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27598) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-139 — The Last Question — Roger Schank > Why is it so difficult to influence people’s belief systems for deeply held beliefs and so easy to manipulate belief systems when little is known about the subject? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** CEO, Socratic Arts Inc.; John Evans Professor Emeritus of Computer Science, Psychology and Education, Northwestern University; Author, Make School Meaningful-And Fun! - **Extract length:** 28 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27597) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-140 — The Last Question — Maximilian Schich > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor in Arts and Technology, The University of Texas at Dallas - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27596) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-141 — The Last Question — Matthew O. Jackson > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Economics, Stanford University, Santa Fe Institute, CIFAR - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27595) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-142 — The Last Question — Ziyad Marar > How will people focus more on forming the right question, before rushing headlong towards the answer? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** President of Global Publishing, SAGE; Author, Judged: The Value of Being Misunderstood - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27594) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-143 — The Last Question — Matthew Putman > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Applied Physicist; Chairman of the Board, Pioneer Works; CEO, Nanotronics - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27593) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-144 — The Last Question — Jennifer Jacquet > What systems could be put in place to prevent widespread denial of science-based knowledge? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor of Environmental Studies, NYU; Author, Is Shame Necessary? - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27591) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-145 — The Last Question — Michael McCullough > Are humans ever really capable of regarding others as ends in themselves? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychology, Director, Evolution and Human Behavior Laboratory, University of Miami; Author, The Kindness of Strangers - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27590) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-146 — The Last Question — Irene Pepperberg > What is the most important thing that can be done to restore the general public’s faith and trust in science? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Research Associate & Lecturer, Harvard; Author, Alex & Me - **Extract length:** 20 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27589) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-147 — The Last Question — Judith Rich Harris > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Independent Investigator and Theoretician; Author, The Nurture Assumption; No Two Alike: Human Nature and Human Individuality - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27588) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-148 — The Last Question — Richard Saul Wurman > Clarify the differences between understanding, knowledge and wisdom that could be communicated to a literate twelve-year-old and recommunicated to their parents. - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Founder, TED Conference; EG Conference; TEDMED Conferences; Architect, Cartographer; Author, Information Architects - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27587) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-149 — The Last Question — Bruce Parker > Is the assertion "Nothingness is impossible" the most fundamental statement we can make about our existence? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Visiting Professor, Stevens Institute of Technology; Author, The Power of the Sea: Tsunamis, Storm Surges, and Our Quest to Predict Disasters - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27586) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-150 — The Last Question — Dan Ariely > How would changes in the marginal tax rate affect our efforts and motivation? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** James B. Duke ProfessorProfessor of Psychology and Behavioral Economics, Duke University; Founding Member, Center for Advanced Hindsight; Author, Predictably Irrational - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27576) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-151 — The Last Question — John Markoff > How will the world be changed when battery storage technology improves at the same exponential rate seen in computer chips in recent decades? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Pulitzer Prize-winning Reporter, The New York Times; Author, Whole Earth - **Extract length:** 23 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27575) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-152 — The Last Question — Diana Reiss > How smart does another animal have to be for us to decide not to eat it? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor, Department of Psychology Hunter College; Author, The Dolphin in the Mirror - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27574) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-153 — The Last Question — Simone Schnall > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Director, Cambridge Embodied Cognition and Emotion Laboratory; Reader in Experimental Social Psychology and Fellow of Jesus College, University of Cambridge - **Extract length:** 3 words - **Trajectory signals:** `memory_and_persistence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27573) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-154 — The Last Question — Bruno Giussani > How much time will pass between the last minute before artificial superintelligence and the first minute after it? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** European Director and Global Curator, TED - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27572) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-155 — The Last Question — Athena Vouloumanos > Will we ever understand how human communication is built from genes to cells to circuits to behavior? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor of Psychology, Director, NYU Infant Cognition and Communication Lab, New York University - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27570) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-156 — The Last Question — Matthew Ritchie > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Artist - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27569) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-157 — The Last Question — Andrés Roemer > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Co-creator, Ideas City; Author, Move UP: Why Some Cultures Advance While Others Don't - **Extract length:** 4 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27568) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-158 — The Last Question — Samuel Arbesman > How do we best build a civilization that is galvanized by long-term thinking? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Complexity Scientist; Scientist in Residence at Lux Capital; Author, Overcomplicated - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27567) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-159 — The Last Question — Cristine H. Legare > Will human psychology keep pace with the exponential growth of technological innovation associated with cultural evolution? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin; Director, Cognition, Culture, and Development Lab - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27566) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-160 — The Last Question — Richard Wrangham > In which century or millennium can all humanity be expected to speak the same primary language? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Ruth Moore Professor of Biological Anthropology, Curator of Primate Behavioral Biology at Harvard University; Author, Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27565) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-161 — The Last Question — Robert Kurzban > How will predictive models in the social sciences achieve the accuracy and precision of those in the natural sciences? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Psychologist, UPenn; Director, Penn Laboratory for Experimental Evolutionary Psychology (PLEEP); Author, Why Everyone (Else) is a Hypocrite - **Extract length:** 19 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27564) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-162 — The Last Question — Terrence J. Sejnowski > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Computational Neuroscientist; Francis Crick Professor, the Salk Institute; Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Co-author (with Patricia Churchland), The Computational Brain - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27563) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-163 — The Last Question — Jordan Pollack > Will blockchain return us to the golden age of ownership of information licenses that can be resold like books and records? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor and Chairman of Computer Science, Brandeis University - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27562) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-164 — The Last Question — William Poundstone > Does the infinite multiverse of cosmologists, in which all that is physically possible occurs, contain realizations of our unruly paradoxes of infinity (Hilbert’s Hotel, Thomson Lamp, 1+2+3+4… = -1/12; etc.)? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Journalist; Author, How Do You Fight a Horse-Sized Duck?: Secrets to Succeeding at Interview Mind Games and Getting the Job You Want; Nominated twice for the Pulitzer Prize - **Extract length:** 30 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27561) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-165 — The Last Question — Hugo Mercier > Can major historical events, from the advent of moral religions to the industrial revolution, be explained by changes in life history strategies? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Cognitive Scientist, French National Center for Scientific Research; Author, Not Born Yesterday - **Extract length:** 22 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27560) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-166 — The Last Question — Stuart Firestein > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor and Chair, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University; Fellow, AAAS - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27559) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-167 — The Last Question — Marco Iacoboni > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Neuroscientist; Professor of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA; Author, Mirroring People - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27558) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-168 — The Last Question — Peter Schwartz > Is the universe relatively simple and comprehensible by the human brain, or is it so complex, higher dimensional and multiversal that it remains forever elusive to humans? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Futurist; Senior Vice President for Global Government Relations and Strategic Planning, Salesforce.com; Author, Inevitable Surprises - **Extract length:** 27 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27557) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-169 — The Last Question — David M. Eagleman > Can we create new senses for humans—not just touch, taste, vision, hearing, smell, but totally novel qualia for which we don't yet have words? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Neuroscientist, Stanford University; Author, Incognito, Sum, The Brain - **Extract length:** 24 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27556) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-170 — The Last Question — Lawrence M. Krauss > Is the universe like an onion that will require science to keep peeling back new layers of reality and asking questions forever? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical Physicist; Foundation Professor, School of Earth and Space Exploration and Physics Department, ASU; Author, The Greatest Story Ever Told . . . So Far - **Extract length:** 22 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27555) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-171 — The Last Question — Leo M. Chalupa > What new methodology will be required to explain the neural basis of consciousness? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Neurobiologist; Professor of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27554) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-172 — The Last Question — Greg Lynn > Can we train machines to design and construct a humane and vibrant built environment for us? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Owner, Greg Lynn FORM office; Ordentlicher University Professor of Architecture, University of Applied Arts Vienna; Studio Professor, UCLA School of Arts and Architecture - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27553) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-173 — The Last Question — Elaine Pagels > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Harrington Spear Paine Professor of Religion at Princeton University; Author, Why Religion? - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27552) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-174 — The Last Question — Emanuel Derman > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor, Financial Engineering, Columbia University; Author, Models.Behaving.Badly - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27551) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-175 — The Last Question — Helen Fisher > What will courtship, mate selection, length of marriages, and family composition and networks be like when we are all living over 150 years? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Biological Anthropologist, Rutgers University; Author, Why Him? Why Her? How to Find and Keep Lasting Love - **Extract length:** 23 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27550) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-176 — The Last Question — Ed Regis > Why are reason, science, and evidence so impotent against superstition, religion, and dogma? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Science writer; Author, Monsters - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27549) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-177 — The Last Question — Sheizaf Rafaeli > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor, Director, The Center for Internet Research, University of Haifa, Israel - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27548) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-178 — The Last Question — Keith Devlin > Can we develop a procedure that, in principle, would tell us whether or not our universe is a simulation (analogous to the way the now proven Poincaré Conjecture can tell us the universe’s shape)? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Mathematician; Executive Director, H-STAR Institute, Stanford; Author, Finding Fibonacci - **Extract length:** 34 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27547) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-179 — The Last Question — Christopher Stringer > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Paleoanthropologist; Author, Lone Survivors - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27546) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-180 — The Last Question — Julia Clarke > What would comprise the most precise and complete sonic representation of the history of life? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** John A. Wilson Professor and HHMI Professor, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27545) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-181 — The Last Question — Sherry Turkle > What will time with artifacts that simulate the emotional experience of being with another person do to our human capacity to handle the surely rougher, more frictional, and demanding human intimacies on offer? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology, MIT; Internet Culture Researcher; Author, The Empathy Diaries - **Extract length:** 33 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27544) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-182 — The Last Question — Barbara Tversky > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor Emerita of Psychology, Stanford University; Professor of Psychology and Education, Columbia Teachers College; Author, Mind in Motion: How Action Shapes Thought - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27543) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-183 — The Last Question — Ashvin Chhabra > Is there a fundamental difference between the biological world and the physical world? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Investor, Physicist, Author: The Aspirational Investor - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27542) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-184 — The Last Question — Jerry A. Coyne > If science does in fact confirm that we lack free will, what are the implications for our notions of blame, punishment, reward, and moral responsibility? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor Emeritus, Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago; Author, Why Evolution is True; Faith Versus Fact: Why Science and Religion are Incompatible. - **Extract length:** 25 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27541) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-185 — The Last Question — Carolyn Porco > What will it take for us to be fully confident that we have found life elsewhere in the cosmos? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Planetary Scientist; Cassini Imaging Team Leader; Director, CICLOPS, Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado - **Extract length:** 19 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27540) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-186 — The Last Question — Stuart A. Kauffman > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Biological Sciences, Physics, Astronomy, University of Calgary; Author, Reinventing the Sacred - **Extract length:** 3 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27539) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-187 — The Last Question — Nicholas Humphrey > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Emeritus Professor of Psychology, London School of Economics; Visiting Professor of Philosophy, New College of the Humanities; Senior Member, Darwin College, Cambridge; Author, Soul Dust - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27538) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-188 — The Last Question — Unattributed Edge contributor > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27537) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-189 — The Last Question — Dan Zahavi > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Philosophy; Director, Center for Subjectivity Research, University of Copenhagen; Author, Self and Other: Exploring Subjectivity, Empathy, and Shame - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27536) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-190 — The Last Question — Bruce Sterling > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Science Fiction Author, Mirrorshades - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27535) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-191 — The Last Question — William H. Press > What quirk of evolution caused us to develop the ability to do pure mathematics? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Warren J. and Viola M. Raymer Chair in Computer Sciences and Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27534) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-192 — The Last Question — Clifford Pickover > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Author, The Math Book, The Physics Book, and The Medical Book trilogy - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27533) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-193 — The Last Question — Josef Penninger > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Director, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna; Genetics Professor, University of Vienna - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27532) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-194 — The Last Question — Mark Pagel > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Evolutionary Biology, Reading University, UK; Fellow, Royal Society; Author, Wired for Culture - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27531) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-195 — The Last Question — David G. Myers > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychology, Hope College; Co-author, Psychology, 11th Edition - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27530) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-196 — The Last Question — Lisa Mosconi > Is there an evolutionary advantage to building societies that favor entertaining over understanding? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Director, Women's Brain Initiative; Associate Director, Alzhiemer's Prevention Clinic, Weill Cornell Medical College; Author, The XX Brain - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27529) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-197 — The Last Question — Thomas Metzinger > What is the most intelligent and efficient way to minimize the overall amount of conscious suffering in the universe? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Theoretical Philosophy, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Adjunct Fellow, Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Study; Author, The Ego Tunnel - **Extract length:** 19 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27528) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-198 — The Last Question — Ryan McKay > Will we be one of the last generations in human history that dies? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University of London - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27527) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-199 — The Last Question — John C. Mather > What is the master principle governing the growth and evolution of complex systems? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Nobel Prize in Physics; Senior Astrophysicist, Observational Cosmology Laboratory, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; Coauthor (with John Boslough), The Very First Light - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27526) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-200 — The Last Question — Barnaby Marsh > How much of what we call "reality" is ultimately grounded and instantiated in convincing communication and storytelling? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Evolutionary dynamics scholar; Program in Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University; Visitor, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27525) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-201 — The Last Question — Lorraine Justice > What might the last fully biological human's statement be at their last supper? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Dean Emerita, Professor of Industrial Design, Rochester Institute of Technology - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27524) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-202 — The Last Question — Gordon Kane > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical Particle Physicist and Cosmologist; Victor Weisskopf Distinguished University Professor, University of Michigan; Author, Supersymmetry and Beyond - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27523) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-203 — The Last Question — John Horgan > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Director, Center for Science Writings, Stevens Institute of Technology - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27522) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-204 — The Last Question — Bruce Hood > What would the mind of a child raised in total isolation of other animals be like? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Chair of Developmental Psychology in Society, University of Bristol; Author, The Self-Illusion, Founder of Speakezee - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27521) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-205 — The Last Question — César Hidalgo > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor, MIT Media Lab; Author, Why Information Grows - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27520) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-206 — The Last Question — Sam Harris > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Neuroscientist; Philosopher; Author, Making Sense - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27519) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-207 — The Last Question — Jonathan Haidt > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Social Psychologist; Thomas Cooley Professor of Ethical Leadership, New York University Stern School of Business; Author, The Righteous Mind - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27518) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-208 — The Last Question — Steve Giddings > Is there a single theory of all physics (TOP), and what is it? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical Physicist; Professor, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27517) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-209 — The Last Question — Asif A. Ghazanfar > What behaviors are we attributing only to brain mechanisms that may be better explained by considering biomechanics? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Neuroscience, Psychology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27516) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-210 — The Last Question — Christine Finn > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Archaeologist; Journalist; Author, Artifacts, Past Poetic - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27515) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-211 — The Last Question — Daniel L. Everett > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Linguistic Researcher; Dean of Arts and Sciences, Bentley University; Author, How Language Began - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27514) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-212 — The Last Question — Dylan Evans > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Founder and CEO of Projection Point; Author, The Utopia Experiment - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27513) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-213 — The Last Question — Rolf Dobelli > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Founder, Zurich Minds; Journalist; Author, The Art of Thinking Clearly - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27512) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-214 — The Last Question — Kate Darling > What future progressive norms would most forward-thinking people today dismiss as too transgressive? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Research Specialist, MIT Media Lab; Fellow, Harvard Berkman Center; Author, The New Breed - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27511) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-215 — The Last Question — James Croak > Why do we experience feelings of meaning in a universe without purpose? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Artist - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27510) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-216 — The Last Question — Andy Clark > Will we soon cease to care whether we are experiencing normal, augmented, or virtual reality? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Cognitive Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; Author, Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27509) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-217 — The Last Question — Christopher Chabris > How complex must be the initial design of the simplest machine that can learn from experience to achieve, at a minimum, the intelligence and abilities of a typical human being? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Investigator, Geisinger Health System; Visiting Fellow, Institute for Advanced Study, Toulouse, France; Co-author, The Invisible Gorilla - **Extract length:** 30 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27508) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-218 — The Last Question — Nick Bostrom > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor, Oxford University; Director, Future of Humanity Institute; Author, Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27507) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-219 — The Last Question — Susan Blackmore > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Psychologist; Visiting Professor, University of Plymouth; Author, Consciousness: An Introduction - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27506) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-220 — The Last Question — Mahzarin Banaji > Will the appearance of new species of talented computational intelligence result in improving the moral behavior of persons and societies? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Department Chair; Richard Clarke Cabot Professor of Social Ethics, Department of Psychology, Harvard University; Co-author (with Anthony Greenwald), Blind Spot - **Extract length:** 20 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27505) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-221 — The Last Question — Laurence C. Smith > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Environmental Studies, Brown University; Author, Rivers of Power - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27502) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-222 — The Last Question — Douglas Rushkoff > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Media Analyst; Documentary Writer; Author, Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27501) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-223 — The Last Question — William Grassie > What knowledge and know-how are our descendants at risk of forgetting as our species passes through future evolutionary bottlenecks? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Interdisciplinary Scholar; Author, The New Sciences of Religion - **Extract length:** 19 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `epistemic_limits_and_models`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27500) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-224 — The Last Question — James J. O'Donnell > When will "human being" cease to be a meaningful category to speak of? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Classics Scholar, University Librarian, ASU; Author, Pagans - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27498) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-225 — The Last Question — Scott Aaronson > Can we program a computer to find a 10,000-bit string that encodes more actionable wisdom than any human has ever expressed? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** David J. Bruton Centennial Professor of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin; Author, Quantum Computing Since Democritus - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27497) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-226 — The Last Question — Alexander Wissner-Gross > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Scientist; Inventor; Entrepreneur; Investor - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27496) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-227 — The Last Question — Evan Williams > What will be obvious to us in a generation that we have an inkling of today? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** CEO, Medium - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27495) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-228 — The Last Question — D.A. Wallach > Are there any phenomena for which it will never be possible to develop parsimonious theories? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Recording Artist; Songwriter; Artist in Residence, Spotify - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27494) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-229 — The Last Question — Frank Tipler > Can rational beings such as Bayesian robots, humans, super-intelligent AIs ever reach agreement? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Mathematical Physics, Tulane University; Coauthor (with John Barrow), The Anthropic Cosmological Principle - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27493) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-230 — The Last Question — Bruce Schneier > Can an increasingly powerful species survive (and overcome) the actions of its most extreme individuals? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Fellow and Lecturer, Harvard Kennedy School; Author, Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27492) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-231 — The Last Question — Todd C. Sacktor > Will there ever be a mechanistic scientific question that can be asked about the lone individuality of mental life, with its particular beginning, middle, and end? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Distinguished Professor of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center - **Extract length:** 26 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27491) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-232 — The Last Question — Dave Morin > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Internet Entrepreneur; Angel Investor - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation`, `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27490) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-233 — The Last Question — Annalena McAfee > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Journalist; Founding Editor of The Guardian's literary supplement, the Guardian Review; Author, Hame - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27489) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-234 — The Last Question — Mario Livio > Will it ever be possible to download the information stored in the human brain? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Astrophysicist; Author, Why?: What Makes Us Curious - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27488) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-235 — The Last Question — Dale W Jamieson > Will the "hard problem" of consciousness dissolve (rather than be solved) as we learn more about the natural world? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Environmental Studies and Philosophy, NYU - **Extract length:** 19 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27487) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-236 — The Last Question — Donald D. Hoffman > Why is it that the maximum information we can pack into a region of space does not depend on the volume of the region, but only on the area that bounds it? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Cognitive Scientist, UC, Irvine; Author, The Case Against Reality - **Extract length:** 32 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27486) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-237 — The Last Question — John Gottman > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Psychologist; Co-founder, The Gottman Relationship Institute; Author, The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27485) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-238 — The Last Question — David C. Geary > Is there a single, evolved biological mechanism that can be tweaked to improve overall health, cognitive abilities, and slow aging? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Curators’ Professor, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia - **Extract length:** 20 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27484) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-239 — The Last Question — P. Murali Doraiswamy > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Division, Duke University Health System - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27483) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-240 — The Last Question — Paul Bloom > Why are we so often kind to strangers when nobody is watching and we have nothing to gain? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Brooks and Suzanne Ragen Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Yale University; Author, Against Empathy - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27482) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-241 — The Last Question — Alan S. Blinder > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Gordon S. Rentschler Memorial Professor of Economics and Public Affairs, Princeton University; Author, Advice and Dissent - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27481) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-242 — The Last Question — J. Craig Venter > Will the creation of a super-human class from a combination of genome editing and direct biological-machine interfaces lead to the collapse of civilization? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** A leading scientist of the 21st century for Genomic Sciences; Co-Founder, Chairman, Synthetic Genomics, Inc.; Founder, J. Craig Venter Institute; Author, A Life Decoded - **Extract length:** 23 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `machine_intelligence`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27477) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-243 — The Last Question — Chiara Marletto > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Junior Research Fellow at Wolfson College and Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Materials Department, University of Oxford; Author, The Science of Can and Can't - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27476) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-244 — The Last Question — Martin Rees > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Former President, The Royal Society; Emeritus Professor of Cosmology & Astrophysics, University of Cambridge; Fellow, Trinity College; Author, From Here to Infinity - **Extract length:** 6 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27474) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-245 — The Last Question — Laurie R. Santos > What cognitive capacities make humans so damn weird relative to all the other animals on the planet? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Psychology, Director, Comparative Cognition Laboratory and the Canine Cognition Center, Yale University - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27470) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-246 — The Last Question — Leonard Susskind > Is there a design to the laws of physics, or are they the result of chance and the laws of large numbers? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Felix Bloch Professor in Theoretical Physics, Stanford; Author, The Theoretical Minimum series - **Extract length:** 22 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27469) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-247 — The Last Question — Michael Shermer > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Publisher, Skeptic magazine; Monthly Columnist, Scientific American; Presidential Fellow, Chapman University; Author, Heavens on Earth - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27468) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-248 — The Last Question — David Pizarro > Are we smart enough to know when we’ve reached the limits of our ability to understand the universe? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Associate Professor of Psychology, Cornell University - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27466) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-249 — The Last Question — David Haig > What will be the use of 99% of humanity for the 1%? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** George Putnam Professor of Biology, Harvard University; Author, From Darwin to Derrida - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27465) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-250 — The Last Question — Richard Nisbett > What does the conscious mind do that is impossible for the unconscious mind? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Theodore M. Newcomb Distinguished University Professor of Psychology, University of Michigan; Author, Thinking: A Memoir - **Extract length:** 13 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27464) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-251 — The Last Question — Amanda Gefter > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Science writer; Author, Trespassing on Einstein's Lawn - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27463) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-252 — The Last Question — Richard H. Thaler > How will we cope when we are capable of keeping humans alive longer than our optimal life expectancy? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Father of Behavioral Economics; Recipient, 2017 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science; Director, Center for Decision Research, University of Chicago Graduate School of Business; Author, Misbehaving - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27461) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-253 — The Last Question — Joseph LeDoux > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Neural Science, Psychology, Psychiatry, and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU; Director Emotional Brain Institute; Author, Anxious - **Extract length:** 9 words - **Trajectory signals:** `consciousness_and_identity`, `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27460) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-254 — The Last Question — Robert Provine > Can a single underlying process explain the emergence of structure at the physical, biological, cognitive, and machine levels? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor Emeritus, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Author, Curious Behavior: Yawning, Laughing, Hiccupping, and Beyond - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `biological_and_synthetic_hosting`, `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27459) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-255 — The Last Question — Howard Gardner > Will the "third culture" be followed by a fourth culture, a fifth culture, and, ominously, a Final Culture? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education; Author, A Synthesizing Mind - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27458) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-256 — The Last Question — George Church > What will we do as an encore once we manage to develop technological solutions to infection, aging, poverty, asteroids, and heat death of the universe? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor, Harvard University; Director, Personal Genome Project; Co-author (with Ed Regis), Regenesis - **Extract length:** 25 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27457) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-257 — The Last Question — David Chalmers > How can we design a machine that can correctly answer every question, including this one? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor, Philosophy & Neural Science; Co-Director, Center for Mind, Brain, & Consciousness, NYU; Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, Australian National U.; Author, Reality+ - **Extract length:** 15 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27456) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-258 — The Last Question — Philip Campbell > How do I describe the achievements, meanings, and power of Beethoven's piano sonata “Appassionata”? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Editor-in-Chief of Nature since 1995; Beginning summer 2018, he will become Editor-in-Chief of Springer Nature’s portfolio of journals, books and magazines - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27455) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-259 — The Last Question — Lisa Randall > How far can we extend beyond our human limitations to more fully grasp the nature of the world? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, Harvard University; Author, Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs - **Extract length:** 18 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27454) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-260 — The Last Question — Neil Gershenfeld > Is there a Turing test for living rather than thinking that can distinguish animate from automata? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, Director, MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms; Co-author, Designing Reality - **Extract length:** 16 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27453) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-261 — The Last Question — Juan Enriquez > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Managing Director, Excel Venture Management; Co-author (with Steve Gullans), Evolving Ourselves - **Extract length:** 4 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27451) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-262 — The Last Question — Andrei Linde > Where were the laws of physics written before the universe was born? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical Physicist, Stanford; Father of Eternal Chaotic Inflation; Inaugural Recipient, Fundamental Physics Prize - **Extract length:** 12 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27450) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-263 — The Last Question — Daniel C. Dennett > How can an aggregation of trillions of selfish, myopic cells discover the unwitting teamwork that turns that dynamic clump into a person who can love, notice, wonder, and keep a promise? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Philosopher; Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy, Co-Director, Center for Cognitive Studies, Tufts University; Author, From Bacteria to Bach and Back - **Extract length:** 31 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27449) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-264 — The Last Question — Freeman Dyson > Is it ultimately possible for life to bend the shape of the universe to fit life's purposes, as we are now bending the shape of our environment here on earth? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, Institute of Advanced Study; Author, Disturbing the Universe; Maker of Patterns - **Extract length:** 30 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27442) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-265 — The Last Question — Luca De Biase > If we want to make a real and effective science-based policy, should we change politics or science? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Journalist; Editor, Nova 24, of Il Sole 24 Ore - **Extract length:** 17 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27440) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-266 — The Last Question — Geoffrey West > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical Physcicist; Shannan Distinguished Professor and Past President, Santa Fe Institute; Author, Scale: The Universal Laws of Growth, Innovation, Sustainability, and the Pace of Life in Organisms, Cities, Economies, and Companies - **Extract length:** 11 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27439) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-267 — The Last Question — David Deutsch > Are the ways qualia relate to computation, creativity to free will, risk to probability, morality to epistemology, all the same question? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, University of Oxford; Author, The Beginning of Infinity; Recipient, Edge Computation Science Prize - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27438) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-268 — The Last Question — Margaret Levi > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Sara Miller McCune Director, Center For Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences, professor, Stanford University; Jere L. Bacharach Professor Emerita of International Studies, University of Washington - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27437) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-269 — The Last Question — W. Daniel Hillis > What is the principle that causes complex adaptive systems (life, organisms, minds, societies) to spontaneously emerge from the interaction of simpler elements (chemicals, cells, neurons, individual humans)? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, Computer Scientist, Co-Founder, Applied Invention.; Author, The Pattern on the Stone - **Extract length:** 27 words - **Trajectory signals:** `neural_interfaces_and_augmentation` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27436) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-270 — The Last Question — Kevin Kelly > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Senior Maverick, Wired; Author, What Technology Wants and The Inevitable - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27435) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-271 — The Last Question — Carlo Rovelli > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Theoretical Physicist; Aix-Marseille University, in the Centre de Physique Théorique, Marseille, France; Author, Helgoland; There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness - **Extract length:** 5 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27434) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-272 — The Last Question — Stewart Brand > Can wild animals that are large and dangerous be made averse to threatening humans? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Founder, the Whole Earth Catalog; Co-founder, The Well; Co-Founder, The Long Now Foundation, and Revive & Restore; Author, Whole Earth Discipline - **Extract length:** 14 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27433) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-273 — The Last Question — George Dyson > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Science Historian; Author, Analogia - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27432) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-274 — The Last Question — David Christian > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Director, Big History Institute and Distinguished Professor in History, Macquarie University, Sydney; Author, Origin Story - **Extract length:** 8 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27431) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-275 — The Last Question — Ian McEwan > If the sum of all significant knowledge is finite, what proportion of it can humans, aided by intelligent machines, eventually attain? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Novelist; Recipient, the Man Booker Prize for Fiction; Author, Sweet Tooth; Solar; On Chesil Beach; Nutshell; Machines Like Me; The Cockroach - **Extract length:** 21 words - **Trajectory signals:** `machine_intelligence`, `epistemic_limits_and_models` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27430) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-276 — The Last Question — Rebecca Newberger Goldstein > If we're not the agents of ourselves (and it's hard to see how we can be), how can we make sense of moral accountability (and how can we live coherently without it)? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Philosopher, Novelist; Recipient, 2014 National Humanities Medal; Author, Plato at the Googleplex; 36 Arguments for the Existence of God: A Work of Fiction - **Extract length:** 32 words - **Trajectory signals:** `governance_control_and_values` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27429) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-277 — The Last Question — Janna Levin > Is gravity a fundamental law of nature, or does gravity—and thereby spacetime—emerge as a consequence of the underlying quantum nature of reality? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Professor of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College of Columbia University; Author, Black Hole Survival Guide; Director of Sciences, Pioneer Works - **Extract length:** 22 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27428) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-278 — The Last Question — Alison Gopnik > How can the few pounds of grey goo between our ears let us make utterly surprising, completely unprecedented, and remarkably true discoveries about the world around us, in every domain and at every scale, from quarks to quasars? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Psychologist, UC, Berkeley; Author, The Gardener and the Carpenter - **Extract length:** 38 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27426) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-279 — The Last Question — Frank Wilczek > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Physicist, MIT; Recipient, 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics; Author, Fundamentals - **Extract length:** 1 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27425) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-280 — The Last Question — Brian Eno > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Artist; Composer; Recording Producer: U2, Coldplay, Talking Heads, Paul Simon; Recording Artist - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27424) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-281 — The Last Question — Steven Pinker > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Johnstone Family Professor, Department of Psychology; Harvard University; Author, Rationality - **Extract length:** 10 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27423) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-282 — The Last Question — Robert Sapolsky > Given the nature of life, the purposeless indifference of the universe, and our complete lack of free will, how is it that most people avoid ever being clinically depressed? - **Status:** `archived_exact_extract` - **Credentials:** Neuroscientist, Stanford University; Author, Behave - **Extract length:** 29 words - **Trajectory signals:** `general_scientific_culture` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27422) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted ### EDGE2018-283 — The Last Question — Hans Ulrich Obrist > *No substantive textual extract was present in the aggregate archive entry.* - **Status:** `no_substantive_extract` - **Credentials:** Curator, Serpentine Gallery, London; Editor: A Brief History of Curating; Formulas for Now; Co-author (with Rem Koolhas), Project Japan: Metabolism Talks - **Extract length:** 7 words - **Trajectory signals:** `successor_intelligence_and_civilization` - **Source:** [The Last Question](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27421) - **Reminder status:** Not yet promoted