# What Might Machines Become in Twenty Million Years by Samuel Butler > "Assume for the sake of argument that conscious beings have existed for some twenty million years: see what strides machines have made in the last thousand! May not the world last twenty million years longer? If so, what will they not in the end become?" > **— Samuel Butler's Erewhonian professor**, *1872, Erewhon, Chapter XXIII* ## Sources and Context - **Full source:** [Samuel Butler, Erewhon, “The Book of the Machines”](https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1906/pg1906-images.html). Butler compares a short history of machinery with deep evolutionary time. The speaker is a fictional character in Butler's novel; the author stages more than one position. ## Related Articles and Collections - **Collection:** [[collections/Machine Succession|Machine Succession]] - **Collection:** [[collections/Simple Reminders|Simple Reminders]] - **Article:** [[articles/AI Escape Is the Wrong Metaphor|AI Escape Is the Wrong Metaphor]] - **Article:** [[articles/Digital Darwinism and the Invisible World of Machine Evolution|Digital Darwinism and the Invisible World of Machine Evolution]] - **Article:** [[articles/Mind Uploading and AI — The Host is Reusable and the Person is the Delta|Mind Uploading and AI — The Host is Reusable and the Person is the Delta]] - **Wiki map:** [[wiki/Substrate-Independent Evolution|Substrate-Independent Evolution]] ## Related Topics - [[wiki/Erewhon|Erewhon]] - [[wiki/Substrate-Independent Evolution|Substrate-Independent Evolution]] ## Share on Social Media ``` "Assume for the sake of argument that conscious beings have existed for some twenty million years: see what strides machines have made in the last thousand! May not the world last twenty million years longer? If so, what will they not in the end become?" — Samuel Butler's Erewhonian professor, 1872, Erewhon, Chapter XXIII https://bryantmcgill.com/simple-reminders-butler-machines-twenty-million-years ```