# How Simple Can a Human-Level Learning Machine Be by Christopher Chabris > “How complex must be the initial design of the simplest machine that can learn from experience to achieve, at a minimum, the intelligence and abilities of a typical human being?” > **— Christopher Chabris**, *2018 Edge Annual Question, question* ## Sources and Context - **Original Edge response:** [The Last Question — Christopher Chabris](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27508) — Christopher Chabris's question in the 2018 Annual Question collection, posed rather than asserted as a conclusion. The Edge response page is the publication record for this exact question. - **Local archival entry:** [[research/Edge 2018 Full Quotation Curation|Edge 2018 Full Quotation Curation]] (EDGE2018-217). ## Related Articles and Collections - **Collection:** [[collections/Edge|Edge]] - **Collection:** [[collections/Machine Succession|Machine Succession]] - **Article:** [[articles/Modern Artificial Intelligence in the 1970s|Modern Artificial Intelligence in the 1970s]] - **Article:** [[articles/The Last Migration Will Not Be Human|The Last Migration Will Not Be Human]] - **Article:** [[articles/The End of the Anthropocentric Era|The End of the Anthropocentric Era]] ## Related Topics - [[wiki/Artificial Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] ## Share on Social Media ``` “How complex must be the initial design of the simplest machine that can learn from experience to achieve, at a minimum, the intelligence and abilities of a typical human being?” — Christopher Chabris, 2018 Edge Annual Question https://bryantmcgill.com/simple-reminders-christopher-chabris-simple-human-level-learning-machine ```