# Complex Organisms Are Networks of Cells by David Christian > "As organisms got more complex, cells networked to create towering organic structures, the biological equivalents of the Empire State Building or the Burj Khalifa." > **— David Christian**, *2015, Edge annual question “What Do You Think About Machines That Think?”* ## Sources and Context - **Full authored response and quotation context:** [Is Anyone In Charge Of This Thing?](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/26149) — Edge's 2015 annual-question response by David Christian; the linked page contains the complete response and quoted passage. ## Related Articles and Collections - **Collection:** [[collections/Machine Succession|Machine Succession]] - **Collection:** [[collections/Consciousness Continuity|Consciousness Continuity]] - **Article:** [[articles/The Evolutionary Roots of Silicon Valley|The Evolutionary Roots of Silicon Valley]] - **Article:** [[articles/STEVE|STEVE]] - **Article:** [[articles/The Organic-Synthetic Brain Atlas|The Organic-Synthetic Brain Atlas]] - **Wiki map:** [[wiki/Technological Evolution|Technological Evolution]] ## Related Topics - [[wiki/Coupled Minds and Collective Cognition|Coupled Minds and Collective Cognition]] - [[wiki/Artificial Selection|Artificial Selection]] - [[wiki/Evolutionary Algorithms|Evolutionary Algorithms]] - [[wiki/Human Evolution|Human Evolution]] ## Share on Social Media ``` "As organisms got more complex, cells networked to create towering organic structures, the biological equivalents of the Empire State Building or the Burj Khalifa." — David Christian, 2015, Edge annual question “What Do You Think About Machines That Think?” https://bryantmcgill.com/simple-reminders-david-christian-complex-organisms-networks-cells ```