# Flawed Humans Must Apply Their Own Moral Enhancement by Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu > “Obviously, there is a bootstrapping problem about a judicious use of techniques of moral enhancement: it is human beings with their current moral blemishes that have to apply these techniques to themselves.” > **— Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu**, *“The Turn for Ultimate Harm,” Journal of Medical Ethics, 2011* ## Sources and Context - **Original or near-original source and full passage:** [“The Turn for Ultimate Harm,” Journal of Medical Ethics, 2011](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3233525/) — The coauthors explicitly acknowledge that proposed moral bioenhancement would be selected and administered by imperfect human agents. ## Related Articles and Collections - **Collection:** [[collections/Consciousness Continuity|Consciousness Continuity]] - **Collection:** [[collections/Simple Reminders|Simple Reminders]] - **Article:** [[articles/The Evolutionary Roots of Silicon Valley|The Evolutionary Roots of Silicon Valley]] - **Article:** [[articles/Walking the Beautiful Path Through the Greatest Transformation in Human History|Walking the Beautiful Path Through the Greatest Transformation in Human History]] ## Related Topics - [[wiki/Julian Savulescu|Julian Savulescu]] ## Share on Social Media ``` “Obviously, there is a bootstrapping problem about a judicious use of techniques of moral enhancement: it is human beings with their current moral blemishes that have to apply these techniques to themselves.” — Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu, “The Turn for Ultimate Harm,” Journal of Medical Ethics, 2011 https://bryantmcgill.com/simple-reminders-ingmar-persson-and-julian-savulescu-flawed-humans-must-apply-their-own-moral-enhancement ```