# Machines Are Already Thinking Up a Storm by Pamela McCorduck > “The central issue is the social, not scientific, definition of "thinking". A generation of Western intellectuals who took their identity mainly from their intelligence has grown too old to ask the question with any conviction, and anyway, machines are all around them thinking up a storm.” > **— Pamela McCorduck**, *2001, Edge Annual Question, “WHAT QUESTIONS HAVE DISAPPEARED?”* ## Sources and Context - **Direct Edge response and surrounding essay:** [Can machines think?](https://www.edge.org/response-detail/11991) — Edge published this exact, continuous passage in its 2001 Annual Question collection, *WHAT QUESTIONS HAVE DISAPPEARED?*. The response page preserves the surrounding argument and qualifications. - **Complete local collection index:** [[research/Edge 2001 Full Quotation Curation - Disappeared Questions|Edge 2001 Full Quotation Curation - Disappeared Questions]] — retained source-first record for the response cohort and this passage's promotion status. ## Related Articles and Collections - **Collection:** [[collections/Edge|Edge]] - **Collection:** [[collections/Machine Succession|Machine Succession]] - **Collection:** [[collections/MARS|MARS]] - **Article:** [[articles/Modern Artificial Intelligence in the 1970s|AI in the 1970s]] - **Article:** [[articles/The Last Migration Will Not Be Human|The Last Migration]] - **Article:** [[articles/We Were Never Going to Make It|Never Going to Make It!]] - **Wiki map:** [[wiki/Machine Succession|Machine Succession]] ## Related Topics - [[wiki/Machine Succession|Machine Succession]] - [[wiki/Artificial Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] - [[wiki/Superintelligence|Superintelligence]] - [[wiki/Posthumanism|Posthumanism]] ## Share on Social Media ``` “The central issue is the social, not scientific, definition of "thinking". A generation of Western intellectuals who took their identity mainly from their intelligence has grown too old to ask the question with any conviction, and anyway, machines are all around them thinking up a storm.” — Pamela McCorduck, 2001, Edge Annual Question, “WHAT QUESTIONS HAVE DISAPPEARED?” https://bryantmcgill.com/simple-reminders-pamela-mccorduck-machines-already-thinking-storm ```