# The Problem Is Not Copying Every Molecule by Randal A. Koene > "The problem is not copying every molecule; it is identifying the causally relevant functions." > **— Randal A. Koene**, *Whole-brain emulation discussions, wording candidate* Verification Status: Unverified — exact wording/source has not yet been independently confirmed against a primary source; source clue: Whole-brain emulation discussions, wording candidate. ## Related Topics - [[wiki/Whole Brain Emulation|Whole Brain Emulation]] - [[wiki/Executable Brain Model|Executable Brain Model]] - [[wiki/Functional Digital Twin|Functional Digital Twin]] - [[wiki/World Simulation|World Simulation]] - [[wiki/Simulation Hypothesis|Simulation Hypothesis]] - [[wiki/Simulation Welfare|Simulation Welfare]] ## Share on Social Media ``` "The problem is not copying every molecule; it is identifying the causally relevant functions." — Randal A. Koene, Whole-brain emulation discussions, wording candidate https://bryantmcgill.com/simple-reminders-randal-koene-problem-not-copying-molecule ```