# Substrate-Independent Minds by Randal A. Koene > "This new substrate won’t be dependent on an oxygen atmosphere" > **— Randal A. Koene**, *Smithsonian interview* ## Related Topics - [[wiki/Substrate Migration|Substrate Migration]] - [[wiki/Host–Residual Architecture|Host–Residual Architecture]] - [[wiki/Mind Uploading|Mind Uploading]] - [[wiki/Whole Brain Emulation|Whole Brain Emulation]] - [[wiki/Psychological Continuity|Psychological Continuity]] - [[wiki/State Sufficiency Problem|State Sufficiency Problem]] - [[wiki/Substrate Independence|Substrate Independence]] ## Share on Social Media ``` "This new substrate won’t be dependent on an oxygen atmosphere" — Randal A. Koene, Smithsonian interview https://bryantmcgill.com/simple-reminders-randal-koene-substrate-independent-minds ```