# Learning Machines May Baffle Their Programmers by Norbert Wiener > "As machines learn they may develop unforeseen strategies at rates that baffle their programmers." > **— Norbert Wiener**, *1960, “Some Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation,” Science 131(3410)* ## Sources and Context - **Full source:** [Norbert Wiener, “Some Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation,” Science 131(3410), 1960](https://www.cs.umd.edu/users/gasarch/BLOGPAPERS/moral.pdf). The standfirst of Wiener’s 1960 paper summarizes a possible speed-and-understanding mismatch. ## Related Articles and Collections - **Collection:** [[collections/Machine Succession|Machine Succession]] - **Collection:** [[collections/Simple Reminders|Simple Reminders]] - **Article:** [[articles/AI Escape Is the Wrong Metaphor|AI Escape Is the Wrong Metaphor]] - **Article:** [[articles/Digital Darwinism and the Invisible World of Machine Evolution|Digital Darwinism and the Invisible World of Machine Evolution]] - **Article:** [[articles/The Next Interface Layer|The Next Interface Layer]] - **Wiki map:** [[wiki/Recursive Opacity Loop|Recursive Opacity Loop]] ## Related Topics - [[wiki/Some Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation|Some Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation]] - [[wiki/Recursive Opacity Loop|Recursive Opacity Loop]] ## Share on Social Media ``` "As machines learn they may develop unforeseen strategies at rates that baffle their programmers." — Norbert Wiener, 1960, “Some Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation,” Science 131(3410) https://bryantmcgill.com/simple-reminders-wiener-learning-machines-baffle ```