# Translation Boundary A translation boundary is the interface where one stage converts another stage’s identifiers, authority, or state into its own representation. ## Examples Carrier ↔ device, firmware ↔ operating system, filesystem image ↔ hypervisor, package ↔ interface, and account ↔ enrolled device are all translation boundaries. ## Evidentiary consequence Continuity often fails at the translation rather than within either layer. Evidence should preserve both identifiers, the mapping between them, the time of translation, and the authority that performed it. ## Source [[Index - Stages of Interception#Cross-stage properties|Stages of Interception — Cross-stage properties]] · [[Identity Beneath Presentation]] · [[Persistent Identifier]].