# Blockchain **Domain:** Computer Science / Cryptography **Doc Type:** Concept Node **Classification:** Infrastructure Concept **Maturity:** Evolving **Related:** [[Smart Contracts]], [[Cryptocurrency]], [[Distributed Ledgers]], [[Consensus Mechanisms]], [[Cryptography]], [[Decentralization]] --- ## Definition **Blockchain** refers to **a distributed ledger architecture that records transactions in cryptographically-linked blocks, eliminating centralized record-keeping and enabling verification of transaction history through consensus mechanisms across decentralized networks**. Records are immutable once cryptographically anchored, and transaction rules are executed through smart contracts. --- ## General Context Blockchain emerged from cryptocurrency as a technical solution to consensus without central authority. The promise is decentralization, transparency, and tamper-proof records. The reality is more complex: blockchains require substantial energy, have limited transaction throughput, and do not eliminate trust—they shift it to consensus mechanisms, software, and initial distribution. Blockchain applications include financial settlement, supply chain tracking, and increasingly, governance mechanisms and reparation systems. --- ## Reparative Justice Context [[articles/Climate Justice and Global Reparative Systems|Global Reparative Systems]] describes blockchain-based smart contracts for [[Algorithmic Reparations]]. Genealogical accounting and climate reparation transfers use blockchain to ensure transparency and non-discretionary execution. --- ## Blockchain Context Blockchain enables [[articles/Climate Justice as a Form of Reparative Equity|Climate Justice mechanisms]] through immutable transaction records, transparent reparation transfers, and smart-contract-based benefit distribution. --- ## Key Insight Blockchain operationalizes **cryptographic consensus as a substitute for institutional trust**—useful for specific applications but often oversold as a universal solution to governance problems. --- ## See Also [[Algorithmic Reparations]], [[Climate Justice]], [[Climate Finance]], [[Governance Frameworks]], [[Algorithmic Coordination Systems]]