# Counter-Narrative A counter-narrative is a message or interpretive frame designed to reduce the appeal, credibility, or harmful effects of another narrative. Effective counter-narratives do more than negate a proposition: they identify the grievance, identity need, social permission, or causal model that gives the original frame power. Direct contradiction can sometimes reinforce an adversary's framing or harden identity resistance. Alternatives include exposing manipulation, restoring provenance, offering a more accurate explanatory model, using trusted messengers, or reopening interpretive possibilities. Related: [[wiki/Counter-Messaging|Counter-Messaging]], [[wiki/Cognitive Inoculation|Cognitive Inoculation]], [[wiki/Trusted Messenger Strategy|Trusted Messenger Strategy]], [[wiki/Narrative Defense|Narrative Defense]].