# Evolutionary Covariation
> **Machine-Evolution Nexus:** [[articles/Digital Darwinism and the Invisible World of Machine Evolution|Digital Darwinism and the Invisible World of Machine Evolution]] places this node within the history and governance of substrate-independent evolution.
**Domain:** Evolution / Structural Biology
**Doc Type:** Canonical Wiki Node
**Maturity:** Developed
## Definition
Evolutionary covariation is correlated change among sequence positions across related lineages, often produced when interacting residues must change compatibly to preserve function.
## Nexus Context
Protein-structure systems can use such statistical dependencies because descent and selection have tested combinations across deep time.
## Evidence Boundary
Covariation can reflect phylogeny, sampling and indirect effects as well as direct contact. Models integrate it with other learned and structural information.
## Relationships
[[wiki/Multiple Sequence Alignment|Multiple Sequence Alignment]], [[wiki/AlphaFold|AlphaFold]], [[wiki/Comparative Genomics|Comparative Genomics]], [[wiki/Scientific Inference|Scientific Inference]]
## Sources / Provenance
- Direct-coupling and protein-covariation literature; Jumper et al. (2021).