# Francis Crick > **Machine-Evolution Nexus:** [[articles/Digital Darwinism and the Invisible World of Machine Evolution|Digital Darwinism and the Invisible World of Machine Evolution]] places this node within the history and governance of substrate-independent evolution. **Domain:** Molecular Biology / Information **Doc Type:** Canonical Wiki Node **Maturity:** Developed ## Definition Francis Crick was a molecular biologist who coauthored the double-helix model and later formulated the central dogma’s constraints on sequence-information transfer. ## Nexus Context His work helps define biological implementation of description, copying and expression against which von Neumann’s formal architecture can be compared. ## Evidence Boundary The central dogma is often misstated as one-way causation from genes to organisms; Crick’s claim concerned sequence information, not every biological influence. ## Relationships [[wiki/James Watson|James Watson]], [[wiki/Central Dogma of Molecular Biology|Central Dogma of Molecular Biology]], [[wiki/Genetic Code|Genetic Code]], [[wiki/DNA|DNA]] ## Sources / Provenance - Crick, “On Protein Synthesis” (1958); Crick, _Nature_ 227 (1970).