# Human-in-the-Loop BCI **Domain:** Brain-Computer Interfaces / Human-Computer Interaction **Doc Type:** Concept Node **Maturity:** Established Design Principle **Related:** [[Closed-Loop BCI]], [[IEEE P2731]], [[Cognitive Liberty]], [[Neural Decoding]] --- ## Definition A **human-in-the-loop BCI** treats the user as an adaptive participant whose attention, intention, fatigue, learning, strategy, and feedback alter system behavior. The human is not merely a source of labeled signals but part of the operational control loop. ## Governance relevance Agency must be specified: who initiates an action, who can veto it, how uncertainty is communicated, and whether adaptation serves the user or an external objective.