# Kunihiko Fukushima **Domain:** Neural Networks / Computer Vision / Self-Organization **Doc Type:** Person Node **Maturity:** Foundational ## Definition **Kunihiko Fukushima** is a Japanese computer scientist whose early multilayer learning systems included the [[wiki/Cognitron|Cognitron]] and [[wiki/Neocognitron|neocognitron]]. ## Historical Context Fukushima published multilayer analog-threshold networks in 1969, demonstrated the self-organizing Cognitron in 1975 and presented the neocognitron in 1979. That sequence established progressively broader receptive fields and position-tolerant learned representations before the modern convolutional-network era. ## Sources / Provenance - Kunihiko Fukushima, “Cognitron: A Self-Organizing Multilayered Neural Network,” 1975. - Kunihiko Fukushima, “Self-Organization of a Neural Network Which Gives Position-Invariant Response,” 1979. ## See Also [[wiki/Convolutional Neural Network|Convolutional Neural Network]], [[wiki/Rectified Linear Unit|Rectified Linear Unit]]