# MS-DOS **Entity class:** Software **Research spine:** [[research/Chronology of Signals, Silos, and Sovereign Software - Research|Chronology of Signals, Silos, and Sovereign Software]] ## Definition MS-DOS was Microsoft's IBM PC operating system, licensed nonexclusively so it could spread across compatible machines. ## Chronological Proximity Its 1981 launch followed [[wiki/86-DOS|86-DOS]] and preceded Microsoft's later military enterprise software and cloud position. ## Relational Proximity [[wiki/Microsoft|Microsoft]] controlled and licensed the software layer while IBM and compatible manufacturers supplied hardware, an early form of [[wiki/Sovereign Software|software sovereignty]]. ## Collection Routes [[collections/The Civilian Intelligence Marketplace|The Civilian Intelligence Marketplace]] · [[collections/Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and the Intelligence Environment|Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and the Intelligence Environment]] · [[wiki/Signals, Silos, and Sovereign Software|Signals, Silos, and Sovereign Software]] ## Sources / Provenance - [[research/Chronology of Signals, Silos, and Sovereign Software - Research|Chronology of Signals, Silos, and Sovereign Software - Research]].