# Maarten Boudry
> **Machine-Evolution Nexus:** [[articles/Digital Darwinism and the Invisible World of Machine Evolution|Digital Darwinism and the Invisible World of Machine Evolution]] places this node within the history and governance of substrate-independent evolution.
**Domain:** Philosophy of Science / AI Debate
**Doc Type:** Canonical Wiki Node
**Maturity:** Developed
## Definition
Maarten Boudry is a philosopher of science who argues that current AI evolution remains predominantly domesticated rather than feral.
## Nexus Context
His 2026 PNAS reply challenges premature treatment of present AI development as an uncontrolled Darwinian threat while accepting that a genuinely feral scenario could be serious.
## Evidence Boundary
This is a live scholarly disagreement. The canonical graph should preserve both the warning and the objection rather than announcing consensus.
## Relationships
[[wiki/Evolvable AI|Evolvable AI]], [[wiki/Breeder Scenario|Breeder Scenario]], [[wiki/Ecosystem Scenario|Ecosystem Scenario]], [[wiki/PNAS|PNAS]]
## Sources / Provenance
- Boudry, “Domesticated, not feral,” _PNAS_ (2026).