# NICOLE Teaching Machine **Domain:** Educational Technology / Cybernetics **Doc Type:** System **Maturity:** Contextual **Related:** [[Helmar Frank]], [[FEoLL]], [[Teaching Machines]], [[Learning Automata]], [[Adaptive Courseware]], [[Russia and Prussia Kybernetiks]] ## Definition **NICOLE** was a teaching-machine project associated with Helmar Frank's Paderborn milieu and the institutional development of pedagogical cybernetics. ## Kybernetiks Context NICOLE belongs to the prehistory of adaptive educational systems: instruction is formalized, learner response returns information and subsequent presentation is organized as a regulated sequence. It bridges teaching-machine history and contemporary adaptive courseware. ## Backlinks - [[Russia and Prussia Kybernetiks]] - [[articles/Russia and Prussia Kybernetiks|Russia and Prussia Kybernetiks]]