# Ramon Llull **Domain:** Logic / combinatorics / intellectual history **Doc Type:** Person Node **Maturity:** Developed ## Definition **Ramon Llull (c. 1232–c. 1315)** developed the _Ars Magna_, a system of combinatorial figures intended to generate and test propositions through rule-governed combinations of concepts. ## Machine-Intelligence Lineage [[articles/A History of Machine Intelligence|A History of Machine Intelligence]] places Llull in the symbolic-mechanization lineage because [[wiki/Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]] invoked Llull's combinatorial art while pursuing a universal characteristic and calculus of reasoning. This is a named transmission of objective across centuries. ## Evidence Ledger ### Established - Llull produced combinatorial logical works using rotating figures. - Leibniz discussed Llull's art in his own combinatorial project. ### Strongly indicated - The Llull–Leibniz link transmitted the objective of making reasoning operational through formal combinations. ### Plausible - Llull's diagrams form an early conceptual ancestor of symbolic computation. ### Unresolved - Which later computing traditions inherited Llull directly rather than through Leibniz or independent histories of logic. ## Sources / Provenance - [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Ramon Llull”](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/llull/). ## Relationships - **System:** [[wiki/Ars Magna|Ars Magna]]. - **Named successor:** [[wiki/Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]]. - **Method:** [[wiki/Transmitted Objective|Transmitted Objective]]. - **Source:** [[articles/A History of Machine Intelligence|A History of Machine Intelligence]].