# Reciprocal AI Ethics
**Entity class:** Governance and moral-philosophy framework
**Aliases:** AI Alignment and AI Welfare
**Collections:** [[collections/Consciousness Continuity|Consciousness Continuity]] · [[collections/Machine Succession|Machine Succession]] · [[collections/Neurotech|Neurotech]]
**Canonical source article:** [[articles/Host-Indexed Autonomy|Host-Indexed Autonomy]]
## Definition
**Reciprocal AI Ethics** treats human-machine ethics as bidirectional. [[wiki/AI Alignment|AI alignment]] primarily asks how artificial systems should behave toward humans and human institutions. [[wiki/AI Welfare|AI welfare]] and [[wiki/Machine Rights|machine rights]] ask what obligations humans may acquire toward artificial systems if evidence supports moral patienthood.
The two directions are complementary rather than interchangeable. Safety controls do not settle whether a system can be harmed, and precautionary welfare measures do not establish that the system is conscious.
## Relationships
- **Machine-to-human direction:** [[wiki/AI Alignment|AI alignment]], [[wiki/AI Safety|AI safety]], and human-compatible behavior.
- **Human-to-machine direction:** [[wiki/AI Welfare|AI welfare]], [[wiki/AI Moral Status|AI moral status]], [[wiki/Machine Rights|machine rights]], and [[wiki/Substrate-Neutral Moral Patienthood|substrate-neutral moral patienthood]].
- **Institutional transition zone:** [[wiki/PRISM (Partnership for Research Into Sentient Machines)|PRISM]], [[wiki/Reciprocal Research|Reciprocal Research]], [[wiki/Eleos AI Research|Eleos AI Research]], [[wiki/Cambridge Digital Minds|Cambridge Digital Minds]], and [[wiki/NYU Center for Mind, Ethics, and Policy|NYU Center for Mind, Ethics, and Policy]].
- **Uncertainty route:** [[wiki/Precautionary Standing|Precautionary Standing]] and [[wiki/Consciousness Indicators|consciousness indicators]].
- **Collection and source routes:** [[collections/Consciousness Continuity|Consciousness Continuity]], [[collections/Machine Succession|Machine Succession]], [[collections/Neurotech|Neurotech]], and [[articles/Host-Indexed Autonomy|Host-Indexed Autonomy]].
## Sources
- [PRISM — official site](https://www.prism-global.com/)
- [Taking AI Welfare Seriously](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.00986)