# SAGE Semi-Automatic Ground Environment — the Cold War air defense system that integrated radar, communications, and early computing into a continent-spanning network. SAGE involved [[wiki/Bell Labs|Bell Labs]]' radar and communications expertise alongside computing elements from the broader defense-industrial ecosystem, and represents one of the convergence points between Bell Labs and computing-focused contractors. Referenced in [[articles/Bell Labs and the Distributed Architecture of American Power|Bell Labs and the Distributed Architecture of American Power]].