# Shun-Ichi Amari
**Domain:** Mathematical Neuroscience / Machine Learning / Information Geometry
**Doc Type:** Person Node
**Maturity:** Foundational
## Definition
**Shun-Ichi Amari** is a Japanese mathematical scientist whose early work developed adaptive pattern classifiers, recurrent learning systems and associative-memory architectures.
## 1960s–1970s Context
Amari's 1967 adaptive classifier used a probabilistic descent method and explicitly discussed non-global local minima. In 1972 he published learning in recurrent networks and an [[wiki/Associative Memory|associative-memory]] model he later identified with the architecture recognized as the [[wiki/Hopfield Network|Hopfield model]].
## Sources / Provenance
- Shun-Ichi Amari, “A Theory of Adaptive Pattern Classifiers,” 1967.
- Shun-Ichi Amari, “Learning Patterns and Pattern Sequences by Self-Organizing Nets of Threshold Elements,” 1972.
- [[articles/Modern Artificial Intelligence in the 1970s|Modern Artificial Intelligence in the 1970s]].